Ryszard BARTNIK, Anna DUCZKOWSKA-KĄDZIEL
Comparative analysis of 370 MW power unit working in a bifuel steam-gas cogeneration system with a mono fuel steam-gas CHP station of the same heat output
Economic effectiveness of the 370 MW power unit modernized to cogeneration work in a bifuel steam-gas system in comparison with the effectiveness of a mono fuel CHP station of the same heat output is definitly to the power block’s disadvantage, as the specific heat production cost generated by the power block is higher than the one in a mono fuel steam-gas CHP station.
Keywords: 370 MW bifuel steam-gas power unit, mono fuel steam-gas CHP station, energy efficiency
Grzegorz BŁAJSZCZAK, Jan OLAK
Resistive voltage divider for higher harmonics measurement in 400 kV network
The paper presents a detailed description of a resistive divider that was designed by Transformex Sp z o.o. with collaboration of PSE Operator S.A. The measurements at 400 kV require linear voltage reduction to the value acceptable by electronic equipment. The divider will be used for upmarket accurate measurements of higher harmonics and other voltage distortions. It can be also used for evaluation and correction of frequency characteristics in traditional measure transformers.
Keywords: high-voltage techniques, power system harmonics, power quality, voltage measurement
Piotr SZPINDLER
Application of solid-wall steel tube poles for building of high and extra high voltage overhead power transmission lines
During the last few years we can observe a growing interest from the national and foreign power industries in application of solid-wall steel tube poles for building of the overhead power transmission lines. So far, the main obstacle to wider application of this type of poles has been the lack of proper production technology and in particular in the field of large size metal plates machining. Described is the present development in production technology of such kind of supporting constructions. Presented is a modern product which can be an alternative to solutions based on latticed supports.
Keywords: overhead transmission lines, steel support constructions, tube poles
Michał KACZMAREK
Measurements of voltage transformers transformation characteristics for distorted voltages
Presented are conclusions drawn from analyses of voltage transformers transformation characteristics measurement results for primary voltages of frequencies 200-9000 Hz and during the transfer of voltages distorted by higher harmonic having the frequency of the same range. Determined is the value of the given voltage harmonic and its phase displacement before and after the transfer through the examined voltage transformers.
Keywords: voltage transformer, distorted voltages, transfer factor, phase displacement, energy quality
Robert CHOLEWA
New systems of operation balancing and supervision using TKE® method - a functional tool for electric power and CHP stations services
Presented are basic informations about the TKE® system with special attention to new functionalities and development of the system as well as to a practical application of calculation results. Discussed are also methods of results presentation in systems recently implemented by Energopomiar and a reference is made to factor calculation results in comparison with the results obtained by application of direct methods.
Keywords: balancing and supervision of electric power station operation, TKE® method
Sonia JAREMA-SUCHOROWSKA, Barbara KUCZAK
Possibilities of economic utilization of after-reaction products from flue gas desulphurizing installations
After-reaction products from FDG installations in power industry are in their majority a valuable material for the national economy which can well be used in such industrial branches like building, road engineering, mining and many others. Presented is a characteristics of the obtained after-reaction products quality depending on the applied desulphurizing method. Discussed are basic directions and methods of the products application and the level of their quantitative utilization.
Keywords: FDG installations, characteristics of after-reaction products
Waldemar SKOMUDEK, Marek SZROT
Influence of investments in power industry on electric energy transformability
The Basic element of the Polish Power system which guarantees the security and reliability of supply for consumers is the existing grid infrastructure. Its reliable work is of significant influence on correct functioning of the Polish economy. The paper presents the effect of needs in the field of transmission, distribution and transformation of electrical energy on modernization and realization of new investment in power grids on all voltage level. The particular attention should be paid to the problem of devices for transformation of electrical energy. Interest in that group of devices should include both new and exploited units, which is connected with guarantee of continuity of electrical energy supply for customer. In this field useful measuring techniques and diagnostic methods should be developed as well as they should be effectively introduced in electrical power engineering.
Keywords: network infrastructure, electric energy transformation
Grzegorz DYBKA
Application of the dissolved gas-in-oil analysis (DGA) for transformer fault diagnosis
The most probable cause of LV transformer explosions is the total puncture of the primary winding paper-oil insulation to the earthed base. Creation of such a conductive path needs time and must be accompanied with partial discharges, discharges of a low, medium and high energy and with local thermal reheats. The mentioned occurrencies should generate acoustic effects and cause decomposition of electrical oil and paper insulation. The properly prepared operational test plan should enable detection of the deteriorating condition of a transformer prior to failure. On the basis of PN-EN 60599 standard an estimation of the paper-oil insulation condition can be made by measuring the quantity of gases dissolved in oil.
Keywords: LV transformers, transformer failures, operational test plan
Ryszard ŚNIEŻYK
Parameters of the delivery of the heat in district heating systems in summer - the base of the dimensioning of the cogeneration system
In the article presented research of five district heating systems about the different power demand (from 90 MW to 700 MW). An target of research was the definition of the range of oscillations of the heat in summer, necessary to the preparation of the domestic hot water. A base of analyses were measurement performed horaly in real terms. Obtained results indicate that the usage of the orderly graph of loads is burdened considerable errors. The range of oscillations of the heat demand within summers, referred to the mean value, amount from 40 to 160%. Even in large district heating systems heat engineering (Gdańsk ~700 MW) of the oscillation of the heat demand they are meaning. One gave the example of the utilization of measurement to the dimensioning of the cogeneration system, being characterized with the greatest production of the heat and power within a year.
Keywords: cogeneration, heating systems, heat deliveries
Mirosław GORCZYCA
Energy from renewable sources in Poland as compared to other EU countries
The report contains the data about energy production and consumption, also against other countries and as well energy absorptiveness of Gross Domestic Product.
Keywords: energy production and consumption, GDP energy intensity