Jerzy ANDRUSZKIEWICZ
Factors decisive for profitability of 110 kV line sections modernization
Energetyka 2011, nr 9, p. 533
Presented are results of technical and economic analyses of factors decisive for 110 kV line sections modernization. The carried out analyses show vital influence of load losses costs on profitability of modernization activities taken up in relation to sections of a 110 kV line. This influence results from climate policy and from the implemented in the frames of the EU programs concerning work improvement of transmission facilities and systems. Direct result of taking such strategy is a high level of electric energy prices in Poland and the expected regulation requirements concerning obligatory work improvement of distribution and transmission systems.
Keywords: 110 kV overhead lines, line modernization, modernization profitability
Zdzisław TRZASKA
The dynamics of meeting the energy needs of domestic customers including the exploitation of shale gas
Energetyka 2011, nr 9, p. 545
Effective utilization of shale gas in the optimum combination with conventional natural gas is of vital significance for not only the power safety of our state but it can also positively influence the trade balance of all the economy. Application of a mathematical model can enable proper deposit management of this valuable energy raw material and adequate controlling of its flow from areas where there is an excess amount of gas to the ones with deficiency if it, allowing for import and export undertakings. Presented mathematical model makes it possible to identify the influence of various Polish gas power industry system parameters on flow dynamics and on results of forcing appropriate stationary states having different dynamic properties.
Keywords: shale gas, mathematical model of gas power industry, exploitation of shale gas deposits
Jacek MALKO
Electricity Supply Systems of the Future – CIGRE’s vision
Energetyka 2011, nr 9, p. 551
International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE) is in unique position to provide an independent an highly specialized vision of the Electricity Supply Systems of the future. In report of the Working Group “Network of the Future” models of development ranging from the Microgrid to the Supergrid have been reviewed and ten key technical issues indentified and described in details. Report is based on the recent and current activities Study Commities and subject to constant evolution.
Keywords: solutions of the future, electricity supply systems, development models
Tomasz UŁANOWICZ, Przemysław ZALESKI
Preliminary conclusions concerning evaluation of the remote meter reading pilot system realized in PLC technology by ENEA Operator
Energetyka 2011, nr 9, s. 559
Discussed is the experience gained from introducing the remote meter reading system, realized in PLC technology, into two groups of customers supplied with electricity by MV network belonging to ENEA Operator.
Keywords: smart metering, remote meter reading, PLC technology
Waldemar Skomudek, Marek Szrot
Power transformer management realized with the help of TrafoGrade system
Energetyka 2011, nr 9, s. 564
In the liberalized electric power industry the management of the power network operation process comprises functions which are located in three totally different areas - economic, legal and organizational and also technical. The only common ground for these areas are delivery reliability and quality of electric energy. One of the basic groups of power network facilities having significant influence on delivery reliability level are transformers. The role that they play in a supply system makes their proper management particularly important. The management effectiveness can also be improved with the help of dedicated information tools like TrafoGrade system. Presented are functions realized by the TrafoGrade system and discussed are selected results of technical condition evaluation of the studied transformer population.
Keywords: transformers, power network operation, dedicated information tools
Witold HOPPEL
Protective earthing of MV lines concrete poles
Energetyka 2011, nr 9, p. 568
Discussed are rules concerning application of concrete poles protective earthing. Ascertained is that from the point of view of an additional electric shock protection, concrete poles should be treated as conductive ones. Basic criterion of such additional protection evaluation are shock voltages, first of all the touch voltages influenced by earthing current which in overhead MV lines is equal to earth-fault current. If you deal with lines where auto-reclosing is applied, the system must be taken into consideration when calculating the electric shock hazard time.
Keywords: MV concrete poles, protective earthing, shock voltage
Dorota ZAMORSKA – WOJDYŁA, Anna HOŁTRA, Magdalena SITARSKA
Energy acquisition from fitomass - theory vs the Polish reality
Energetyka 2011, nr 9, p. 579
Presented are typical types of biomass used in commercial power engineering and for personal purposes. Compared is chemical constitution and properties of conventional fuels with the ones of biomass. Discussed are technological problems concerning co-combustion of biomass with conventional fuels as well as its advantages and limitiations in ecological and economic aspects.
Keywords: biomass, production requirements, advantages, limitations