Jan SOLIŃSKI, Lidia GAWLIK
Historical outline, development and the present condition of the world and Polish energy sector
Presented is an opinion of the Polish Member Committee of the World Energy Council. Given is historical outline, development study and present condition of the world and - compared to it - Polish energy sector
Keywords: world and domestic energy sector, historical outline and present condition of the energy sector
Ewelina KOCHANEK
Energy security system in the Federal Republic of Germany
Electric power industry is the fundamental branch of industry on which the modern economy of the Federal Republic of Germany is based. The Republic is the country most similar, in the terms of energy resources abundance, to Poland. However, unlike our state, Germany is the country of a very high developed power industry. Presented is the Germany energy policy what enables to show us the way which Poland can follow with the aim to increase its energy security and to enroll into the collection of the present-day European energy systems.
Keywords: Germany, energy policy, energy security
Jacek MALKO
Economic policy of shale gas industry in Eastern Europe
Authors of the article published in Energy Forum and dedicated to the shale gas industry environment point out that resources of this energy carrier in Eastern Europe are exceptionally promising and that the exploitation activities, especially in Poland, have already begun. Described is a number of risks and uncertainties that are met by drilling companies, including the complicated character of transfer of foreign technologies and the unknowns concerning an impact of such activity on environment.
Keywords: policy, economy, shale gas, Eastern Europe
Józef PASKA, Piotr MARCHEL
Structural solutions of electric systems in nuclear power plants
Presented is the characteristics of electric systems currently used in nuclear power plants. Plant auxiliaries are divided into three categories according to required feeding reliability level. Described are basic subsystems of a nuclear power plant electric system. Presented are the commonly used in nuclear power plants solutions of single- and multi-unit power leading out systems as well as of the auxiliaries feeding systems. Shown are structural solutions of electric systems of the currently built or designed nuclear power plants applying reactors of the so-called III+ generation: EPR, ABWR and AP 1000
Keywords: power plant electric systems, structural solutions, nuclear power plants, reactors EPR, ABWR, AP 1000
Joachim KOZIOŁ, Magdalena PIŁAT, Barbara MENDECKA
Multi-aspect research on increase in application of renewable energy sources in the building industry as an investigation task within the frames of a strategic project of the National Centre for Research and Development
Presented are methodological assumptions and the run of a research work on examining possibilities of increase in application of renewable energy sources in the building industry which is one of the elements of a strategic project being investigated in the National Centre for Research and Development.
Keywords: house and industrial building, renewable energy sources, increase in application of renewable energy sources in the building industry
Zygfryd DOMACHOWSKI
Dilemmas in development of the domestic electric power industry
A reference is made to the observed tendencies in development of electric power industry in some selected countries in the world. The object of interest is the part played by the so-called renewable and non-renewable sources of primary energy. Special attention is paid to the energy policy in Germany. Finally, against a background of all these problems, the perspectives of development of the domestic power system are considered.
Keywords: electric power industry in Poland and in the world, reduction of electric energy consumption, CO2 emission
Waldemar JĘDRAL
Comparison made between energy efficiency resources utilization in power and heating industry and costs of building of new energy sources
Presented are possibilities to reduce electric energy consumption by power unit auxiliaries in power plants, thermal-electric power stations and heat generating plants by increasing the pumping energy efficiency of cooling, feed and pipe network water. Compared are economic effects of pumping systems modernization with unit costs of new energy sources: even the modernizations needing a high capital outlay are two times cheaper than the cheapest - from the investment point of view - new source of energy which is a gaseous fuel-fired power station. When comparing the costs of building of new energy sources one should take into consideration their productivity, determining theequivalent investment costs of the source relating to its continuous running for 8760 hrs. With such an approach we come to a conclusion that wind farms and fotovoltaic plants are several times more expensive than nuclear power stations.
Keywords: energy efficiency, energy sources, auxiliaries
Zbigniew BĘBENEK, Bartłomiej WILK
Effect of softwood thermal processing on physicochemical properties of the obtained in this way carbonization products
One of the fundamental problems concerning utilization of wood biomass in the power industry is the effectiveness of coal and biomass co-grinding and its subsequent combustion in the most prevalent pulverized fuel boilers. Fibrous structure of solid biomass not only worsens the energy efficiency of the grinding process but also has an influence on the milling quality what eventually leads to deterioration of the boiler process. Made is an assessment of impact of pine wood carbonization (pyrolysis) final temperature on physicochemical properties of the obtained products. Determined is the minimum pyrolysis temperature in which pine wood loses its fibrous substance properties. Estimated is also the quantity of chemical energy contained in thus obtained carbonization product with reference to the initial pine wood mass unit.
Keywords: wood biomass, wood pyrolysis, pine wood carbonization