Adam SMOLIK
ENERGOPOMIAR – 65 years of activity
The article is dedicated to the 65th anniversary of Energopomiar – an expert company specializing in power industry. And though during the last 65 years there have been many changes in the Polish energy sector concerning applied technologies, research and measuring methods, operators in the energy market and methods to attract new clients, Energopomiar was always doing very well in the new market realty and that is why it is still a valued enegineering company and a leader in the range of services provided for the energy generation sector. Such a strong market position of the Company is largery due to the very well educated and experienced staff making use of a modern and specialized research and measurement equipment.
Keywords: research and measurements in power industry, activity of the Polish company Energopomiar
Andrzej ZIĘBIK, Paweł GŁADYSZ
Thermodynamic justification of the Polish and the EU energy policy – comparative analysis
Presented is the application of the thermo-ecological cost theory for the thermodynamic analysis of the Polish and the EU energy policy. The thermo-ecological cost index comprises the cumulative exergy consumption of the non-renewable resources for the creation of some useful product (including an energy carrier) and compensation of harmful substances emission accompanying the production process. The level of primary energy convertion into the final one is analyzed by means of comparing both of these values and the ratio of the final egzergy energy to the primary one is the measure of egzergy losses accompanying the production of final energy carriers. The indices of thermo-ecological cost and sustainable development served to analyze the structure of obtaining the primary energy and electricity production. The level of the Cogeneration Directive implementation was estimated on basis of the thermo-ecological cost of centralized heat production. The indices concerning savings of a fuel chemical energy, estimated as an example for cogeneration and physical recuperation, served to emphasize the validity of thermal processes energy efficiency improvement in order to realize the Polish and the EU energy policy in the aspect of energy security.
Keywords: thermodynamic analysis, Polish energy policy, thermo-ecological costs
Andrzej ZAJĄC, Janusz JURASZEK, Andrzej WARACHIM
System links between distribution and consumer nodal sub-stations in the SMART type MV networks with the use of MV BPL modem
Discussed are, basing on examples, the possibilities of linking processes tele-mechanization for the purpose of faults location and a network configuration changes. The work in a dispatch center is supported by signals (informations) from disconnectors and interrupters installed in the depth of a network and equipped with controlled electric drives. It enables an MV network operation improvement and at the same time it is the first step to convert traditional networks into the SMART type ones. Pointed out is that efforts should be made to automate such processes that in turn will allow making much better use of equipment possibilities both in the range of tele-mechanization and of the applied devices linking parameters. However, it is essential to ensure reliable flow of measurement and control data including catastrophic conditions when the commonly applied methods fail. An MV network, by virtue of its very existence, seems to be an attrictive medium for signals transmission. But the system links between MV substations and development of their functions in a SMART type network can not be analysed excluding construction and switchgears, hence emphasized is the possibility to situate them in any location realized in PF-P system.
Keywords: intelligent networks, MV networks, nodal distribution substations, aautomation
Artur JASIŃSKI
How to select high pressure pipelines for testing
Presented is a proposal of an approach to steam pipelines diagnosing enabling making out computational analyses before an overhaul outage. Such approach can shorten the time needed for diagnostics and an overhaul itself and also significantly reduce their costs.
Keywords: steam pipelines, pipeline diagnostics
Adam ZIELIŃSKI, Michał KWIECIEŃ
Assessment of a condition and further working suitability of steam pipelines made of low alloyed steels Cr-Mo and Cr-Mo-V and operated for more than 200 thousand hours
Carried out was an asseessment, on the basis of obtained results of microstructure, mechanical properties in room and elevated temperatures and shortened-time creep tests, of some selected steam pipelines material condition after exceeding the calculation working time. Determined was an additional safe pipeline material working time for the defined working parameters of further operation. The presented way of forecasting the period of a further safe steam pipeline material operation has successfully been applied in practice for some time now.
Keywords: steam pipelines, forecasting of a steam pipeline safe operating time
Antoni LITWINOWICZ
Boron, mercury, TOC (total organic carbon) and nitrogen compounds in sewage coming to treatment plants from a wet flue gas desulfurization installations
A treatment plants of wastewater coming from a wet flue gas desulfurization installation must be treated as a separate node having significant influence on the required quality of wastewater coming from power plants and discharged into the environment. The crucial point here is the contents of pollutants flowing into the treatment plant together with the raw sewage. In the contemporary case studies the attention to such parameters as contents of boron, mercury, TOC and nitrogen compounds was paid only occasionally. Here, on a basis of the dedicated research, shown is how the mentioned compounds behave in a treatment plant belonging to one of some coal-fired power stations. Analysed were boron, mercury, ammonium, nitrates, nitrites and total nitrogen as well as an unlimited in the allowance amount of organic compounds described as TOC.
Keywords: wet flue gas desulfurization installation, wastewater treatment plants, pollutant contents analysis
Bolesław SZWEDO, Jacek JĘDRZEJEWSKI
Reversible electrodialysis installation in TAURON Wytwarzanie S.A. Oddział Elektrownia Stalowa Wola – four years of operational experience
Reversible electrodialysis (RED) technology was applied for the first time in the Polish power industry in Elektrownia Stalowa Wola where in 2010 a RED installation of the 120 m3/h rated output has been put into operation. The carried out acceptance and diagnostic tests as well as the operational experience allow to conclude that application of this technology brings positive results and can be effectively used for initial purification of a highly mineralized water. It is really important due to the fact that the domestic water resources of a low salinity level are steadily diminishing.
Keywords: reversible electrodialysis installation (RED) in TAURON Wytwarzanie S.A. Oddział Elektrownia Stalowa Wola, purification of highly mineralized waters
Janusz SKWARA
Electrodeionization water treatment – the process principles and technology development directions
The electrodeionization water treatment (EDI) is a modern, fully automated technology. It enables obtaining demineralized water of stable and high quality parameters in a continuous process without application of chemicals and with a relatively low electric energy consumption. This technology is used by electronic and electrotechnic industries as well as by the pharmaceutical and cosmetic ones. In the Polish power industry the EDI installations were put into operation after the year 2000. But it is still a rather rare technology – usually met in cases of newly built demineralization installations of an output equal a few or several m3/h using for the initial desalination of water the method of reverse osmosis (RO).
Keywords: electrodeionization water treatment (EDI), applications of EDI in power industry and other industrial branches