Hanna KORDYACZNY, Iwona ŚPIEWAK
Modern flue gas denitrificaton technologies for power industry and other industrial branches vs changing environmental regulations
Selection of a proper flue gas denitrification method should be based on individual needs and conditions of an object dedicated to modernization. The SCR technology is mostly used for big capacity commercial power engineering installations while the SNCR one for medium and small ones belonging to industrial power generation and other branches of industry. An ideal solution may become the „Tail End” type SCR installation shared by two or more boilers - such installation can carry out the denitrification process for each boiler separately or for any number of them together.
Keywords: flue gas denitrification technologies, flue gas denitrification methods comparison, environmental regulations
Adam SMOLIK
Beggars cannot be choosers...
An attempt is made to sort out the knowledge of 200 MW units and problems with their long term operation. Attention is turned to the complexity of revitalization definition both in aspect of its range for every individual unit and in selection of units for extended operation. ENERGOPOMIAR had its say as an independent expert. In the Author’s opinion it is needed to precede the 200 MW revitalization program with a substantial discussion that key objective should be reaching a consensus not only in the case of 200 MW units but also in problems concerning the power industry model in general.
Keywords: 200 MW units, revitalization, ENERGOPOMIAR
Marek SZADKOWSKI, Andrzej WARACHIM
Protection against an electric arc effects
The effect of phenomena accompanying an electric arc is the destruction of all equipment located in the arc vicinity as well as causing damages to various human organs that can even lead to one’s death. Characterized is a worker’s protection system against an electric arc effects including methods of elimination or at least minimization of the hazard. Described are various aids and a personal protective equipment.
Keywords: electric arc, electric arc effects, protection methods
Antonina KIELECZAWA, Michał BIAŁECKI, Radosław IZAKIEWICZ, Józef OSIO, Wojciech NOIŃSKI, Piotr PIETRAS, Roman SKAKOWSKI, Dariusz WOJTANOWICZ, Michał WITEK, Wojciech SZUBERT, Edward ZIAJA
Development trends of the MASTER automation system
Energetyka 2016, nr 12, p. 739
Presented is development of the MASTER automation system in the range of the existing program functional modules referring to a user’s interface, operational safety of industrial installations and integration with other producers’ systems. Discussed is the MASTER system development in the area of new strategies including works in the range of DCS MASTER and making use of internet networks in remote operator control of industrial facilities.
Keywords: automation systems, protection systems, operator stations, process stations, user interface, DCS
Donat ZEMEŁKO, Tadeusz MĄCZKA, Mariusz LIPIŃSKI, Edward ZIAJA
Environmental exposures of measurement-control equipment and automation operated in a power plant
Discussed are basic environmental factors that can have negative influence on measurement-control equipment and automation used in power plants. Carried out is a review of standardisation regulations concerning protection of installations against environmental exposures. Presented are research abilities of the IASE sp. z o.o. laboratory. Special attention is paid to electromagnetic exposures including problems connected with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in the aspect of operational safety and stability of power installations, also the ones belonging to the National Power System.
Keywords: environmental exposures, protection of installations against environmental factors, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), power installations
Maciej KIELIAN, Robert LIS
Review of fast steam turbine valving methods and ways of their realisation in order to maintain a power system stability
The following publication presents an account of methods for conducting fast turbine valving control of a steam turbine acting as a prime mover for a large power generating unit. The following methods were developed as means of protection of a power system stability during large transients in a power grid. The fast turbine control methods are designed to effectively decrease mechanical power output of a steam turbine in order to secure its continuous operation in the power system. They are perceived as an alternative to commonly used protection systems like FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System), breaking resistors and even emergency power unit tripping. Because of the benefits, mainly economical, arising from the implementation of fast turbine control methods they continue to be of interest to the researchers, both academic and industrial, and to the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E).
Keywords: fast steam turbine valving, power system stability
Piotr STAWSKI, Edward ZIAJA
Hybrid supply systems for EV charging stations
In recent years many countries have been taking actions to reduce emission in car communication and transport sectors through increasing share of EVs in road transport (transport e-mobility), but this enquires building of many adequate charging stations. It may also need expansion/modernization of network systems because of significant influence of charging processes on the work of an electric distribution network. A review is done of problems concerning EV charging and its impact on a distribution netowork. Discussed are various examples of hybrid supply systems for EV charging stations i.e. systems that draw energy from distribution networks and additionally from local distributed sources.
Keywords: electric vehicles (EVs), charging stations, hybrid systems, distributed generation
Jarosław KLUCZNIK, Dariusz KOŁODZIEJ, Tomasz OGRYCZAK, Paweł ROZENKIEWICZ
Coordinated voltage and reactive power control for wind farms and high voltage transformer substations
Presented is the analysis of various options of cooperation between wind farms control systems and the voltage and reactive power control ones installed in power stations and substations nearby power plants. On the basis of selected examples, simulations and analyses provided are guidelines for algorithms of the cooperating and coordinated with one another control systems.
Keywords: ARST, URST, voltage control, reactive power control, wind farms
Jacek JEMIELITY, Łukasz CZAPLA, Dariusz KOŁODZIEJ, Tomasz OGRYCZAK
A test stand for power grid automation units
In the framework of their own-initiative works an original software package SysView was developed in the Oddział Gdański Instytutu Energetyki. The package is a specialised SCADA system dedicated to testing, commissioning and implementation of power grid automation systems and especially of a power network voltage control ones. The proposed solutions are characterized by great simulation flexibility of a tested network automation system working environment in power stations or in power plants.
Keywords: SCADA, HMI, LabVIEW, hardware-in-the-loop
Jacek JEMIELITY, Łukasz CZAPLA, Mateusz DROP
Laboratory multichannel 3-phase signal generator
Presented are results of a work carried out in the framework of the Instytut Energetyki Oddział Gdańsk statutory activity in the year 2015. Described is the result of the developed project for constructing a laboratory test-stand equipped with a voltage and 3-phase current waveform multichannel generator dedicated to simulation of measurement signals from secondary circuits of the popular in power industry voltage and current transformers. The device is remotely controlled by a standard IEC 60870-5-104 network communication interface and enables additionally a projection state simulation of several hundred of one- or two-bit binary signals. The need to construct such voltage and 3-phase current waveform generator for several measurement points emerged during realisation in the Instytut Energetyki Oddział Gdańsk of a stand dedicated for network automation systems testing. The so far scarcely affordable 3-phase signal calibrators enable simulation of voltages and currents in one measurement point only while the multichannel ones are not commercially available.
Keywords: PMU, SCADA, FFT, PRN, LabView
Krzysztof CHLEBOWSKI, Zygmunt PARCZEWSKI
Innovation in an enterprise development strategy – selected issues
In management practices more and more emphasis has been recently put on the role of innovation in an enterprise development. Presented are important links between two main categories of innovation and the development strategy of an enterprise. Highlighted is a potential role of innovators recruited from among innovative-oriented company’s employees that may become the key factor to make a success of the development strategy implementation. Expressed is opinion that the former perception of power industry as such a specific branch where no commonly available tools and strategy management methods can be applied, is gradually fading.
Keywords: bottom-up innovation, top-down innovation, value creation
Jerzy TRZESZCZYŃSKI
Life extension of 100 MW – 360 MW power units accompanied by Diagnostics 4.0
If we assume that one of the features of the Economy 4.0 is flexible adaptation to Customer’s needs, power sector, Polish too, is in the area of standards 4.0 as well. Flexible adaptation to the market/Customer needs applies to individual power units and even to devices. To ensure effective production is a challenge not only for the area of generation of business connected with power sector, but also for maintenance, including diagnostics. For more than 10 years Pro Novum has been developing this type of diagnostics by preparing standards for testing and assessment, by implementing them in the form of software or by organizing the exchange of information and knowledge within energy group and National Power System. We have started works over IT Platform LM System PRO+® ver. 4.0 equipped in artificial intelligence algorithms. We are open for cooperation in the field of the most intellectually advanced analytical methods.
Keywords: Diagnostics 4.0, standards for testing and assessment, IT Platform LM System PRO+ ver.4.0
Jerzy TRZESZCZYŃSKI, Paweł GAWRON, Wojciech MURZYNOWSKI
Guidelines for life extension of modernized power units 100 MW – 360 MW
Extending the operation period of 100 MW-360 MW power units is a set of technical, legal and economic activities. Usually the importance of legal problems is emphasized, ie. reduction of emissions in order to meet limits set by EU directives. Life, however, shows that technical determinants are at least as important as economic. The law may be changed, if you lead effective policy. Ensuring high availability of long time operated power equipment working in a cycle load mode, while its calculated durability has been significantly exceeded, is not a simple task, if you pursue them with inputs tailored to the financial possibilities resulting from the current and foreseeable tariffs for electricity and heat. Assuming that eventually the suitability for further operation is determined with the economic and technical factors, we have prepared in the years 2013-2016, two versions of the „Guidelines...” to recommend technical standards for testing and assessment, risk analysis as well as exchange of information, knowledge and experience of users of 100 MW - 200 MW power units, which are most appropriate to their needs. Large part of them has been verified in practice.
Keywords: life extension of modernized power units 100 MW – 360 MW, Pro Novum’s guidelines
Kamil STASZAŁEK, Radosław STANEK
Monitoring of operating conditions of boilers of 200 MW power units to assess the impact of cycle load on the technical conditionof selected components and construction nodes
200 MW units designed for working under base load, today are forced by operator to flexible operation in more demanding, difficult conditions. In consequences, main pressure elements (especially boilers) are exposed on faster durability loss, not assumpted by the constructor. The new working conditions should be reflected in overhaul planning and diagnostic scopes. This paper presents Pro Novum’s experience in monitoring of working conditions on selected boiler elements in 200 MW units, with support of diagnostic system LM System PRO+®.
Keywords: 200 MW power units, operation of boilers, IT Platform LM System PRO+
Ewald GRZESICZEK, Sławomir RAJCA
Damages caused by flexible operation and long standstills of turbine sets
The technical condition of the turbine, should be of particular concern of the user. It depends on many factors including turbine design, range and method of diagnostic tests, overhaul quality and operating conditions. It’s well known that operating conditions of steam turbines have been changed significantly in recent years; a lot of turbines are operated in intensive flexible operation – their technical minimum have been reduced, the number of startups have been increased, their stops are longer. During the diagnostic tests, that are performed for 30 years by Pro Novum, are detected numerous of damages with operation character among which we can extract those that have a source in intensive flexible operation and long stops. In this lecture authors present some examples of damages of turbine sets with indication of their source and ways to reduce the negative influences of current operation conditions on reliability (availability) as well as safety.
Keywords: damages of turbine sets, flexible operation, Pro Novum’s diagnostic tests
Rafał SZYJA, Bartosz BORCZ
Lifetime extension of pipelines over calculated time on the basis of UDT and Pro Novum
Integration of proceeding methodologies described in UDT and Pro Novum’s „Guidelines for life extension of 100 MW-360 MW power units ” can be the basis for safe extension of pipelines operation time as well as additional benefits which result from taking into account production aspects, ongoing monitoring of technical condition and system knowledge management.
Keywords: lifetime extension of pipelines, UDT and Pro Novum’s guidelines