Krzysztof DEMBIŃSKI
„Energetyka 1.28” – 4th Conference of ZRE Katowice S.A.
The article is prepared for the „Energetyka 1.28” 4th Conference of ZRE Katowice S.A. that will have place in Zakopane on April 3-5, 2017. It is a good oportunity to give attention to the next version of the „MINOR” level that is the still dominating combustion technology in our country and on which the conventional power generation is based – „ENERGETYKA 1.28”. This year’s ZRE Katowice S.A. Conference is meeting problems of the Polish energy sector trying to deal with an attempt to show directions of restructuring processes and restoration of electric power generation on the example of the basic generating unit of the system which is still a 200 MW power block.
Keywords: revitalization directions of the Polish energy sector, 200 MW units
Paweł SZEWCZUK, Michał ANTOSZKIEWICZ, Mateusz KMIEĆ, Marek SZKODO, Robert JANKOWSKI
Surface microseismic investigations at a borehole in northern Poland, optimization of a velocity model
The aim of the works presented in the article was to confirm applicability of microseismic surface investigation with the „patch array” type distribution scheme in the Polish geological conditions. Described are microseismic surface investigations conducted at a borehole in northern Poland together with the velocity model optimization procedure.
Keywords: microseismic investigations, surface measurements, “patch array” technology, velocity model
Katarzyna STRZAŁKA-GOŁUSZKA
LED diodes in outdoor lighting and illumination
Presented is the history of LEDs development, their construction and working principle. Described is LEDs working principle niai.e. the phenomenon of electroluminescence. There are also proved the benefits of using that type of light sources and indicated are possibilities of their application for outdoor lighting and illumination of buildings in the aspect of energy saving. Given and illustrated are many examples of LEDs application for illumination of historical as well as of modern objects in Poland (Hajnówka, Białowieża, Warszawa, Kielce, Wałbrzych, in Europe (Croatia) and in the world (Vietnam).
Keywords: LED diodes, outdoor lighting, illumination of buildings
Zbigniew PORADA, Marek REJMER
LED light sources in outdoor lighting and properties of a human eye
Presented are measured spectral profiles of light radiation emitted by selected sodium lamps and radiation profiles of the selected LED type ones and then conducted is a comparative analysis of obtained profiles in the aspect of mesopic vision. The conducted analyses imply that in some lighting cases the users can have a feeling of „worse” lighting when LED light sources were used instead of the sodium ones because of differences between spectral profiles of both light sources and specific properties of a human eye.
Keywords: LED lamps, sodium lamps, spectral profiles of light radiation, mesopic vision
Maciej ZAJKOWSKI
Smart lighting in a smart city
The idea of “smart regulation” covers a number of behaviours, technologies and solutions enabling more effective, than it was previously, management of a public space by application of an internet network. Modern cities are supplied with multidimensional infrastructure both in terms of solutions gradation and an area of functioning. Vertical and horizontal structural dependencies of a smart city usually comprise an element connected with the area of modern and intelligent lighting techniques and technologies – smart lighting. Smart lighting systems utilize the most recent technologies in the area of semiconductor light sources, their power supply and control systems as well as the communication technologies. Combining of LED sources with control systems enables saving of even more than 85% of energy in comparison with installations equipped with traditional light sources.
Keywords: smart city, intelligent lighting techniques and technologies, smart lighting
Anna BĘDKOWSKA
Legal conditions for the operation of photovoltaic microinstallations in Poland after July 1, 2016
The capacity of photovoltaic (PV) microinstallations in Poland has been growing at a rate of 8,5 times year-on-year. Since July 1, 2016 a new legal Act of 22 June 2016 amending the Renewable Energy Sources Act and certain other acts has been in force in Poland and it enables prosumers the settlement of the electricity produced in microinstallations on the basis of discounts. In this system of discounts it is an electricity grid that is used as an energy store and the manner of clearings encourages prosumers to change the energy consumption management system in a facility. The law on renewable energy sources divides generating installations according to their capacity and it distinguishes prosumers from entrepreneurs among investors. The discount system is dedicated to installations producing energy to meet the needs of objects not related to a business activity and with a capacity of not more than 40 kW. Such systems are called microinstallations. PV microinstallations in Poland have a chance to develop more dynamically thanks to facilitations in numerous administrative arrangements. The system of discounts serves encouraging the prosumers to use energy from a PV installation to meet the energy needs of a farm by introducing settlement coefficients. The more energy a building consumes in a real time at the moment of production, the less will be fed to the grid. The less energy will be delivered to the grid, the more will be used more effectively from the point of view of the prosumer. But in order to consume as much energy as it is possible, first of all the rules of energy management in a building should be changed and the energy consumption should be adapted to its energy profile. As a result, the sense of concern for a facility energy economy is growing steadily among prosumers and sought are more and more efficient methods of power management in such a place.
Keywords: PV system, microinstallation, discount, Renewable Energy Sources Act, prosumer