Herbert Leopold GABRYŚ
Energy industry in Poland 2019 .... from the last year’s results and selected from among challenges
Compared are financial results achieved by the Polish power sector in the first halves of 2017 and 2018. Concluded is also that the turning point for energy industry in Poland will be adoption of the project of the Polish Energy Policy until 2040, as in this document there must be given an answer to the question what will happen next to the lignite-based energy industry. The decision to made must take into account the interest of the Polish state and fair but hard calculations. The renewable energy sector, by virtue of its unstability, must be concurrently insured by the conventional energy one. Energy storage on a systemic scale is still far away thus all activities aimed at elimination of coal from electric energy production must be treated as a threat to our energy security. Also we must not forget that costs of electric energy are rising on the side of producers because of the still growing CO2 emission allowances prices.
Keywords: energy power industry in Poland, financial results of the power sector, first halves of 2017 and 2018
Julian WIATR
Accumulator batteries applied in UPSs.
Safe operation conditions and factors influencing their service life
High requirements for security of electricity supply to critical importance end consumers force designers to construct power supply systems equipped with UPSs. A very important element of these UPSs are accumulator batteries which operated in an improper manner pose the explosion hazard. The accuracy of their selection influences the operational time and proper functioning of the guaranteed supply system. Presented are the basic operational requirements – for accumulator batteries applied in UPSs as energy storages – meeting which guarantees maintaining of operational efficiency for the assumed period. The article is also complemented by description of various factors influence on accumulator batteries service life.
Keywords: accumulator batteries, UPS – uninterruptible power supply, electricity supplies
Mateusz PŁAWECKI, Edward RÓWIŃSKI, Łukasz PŁATKOWSKI, Błażej BZOWSKI
Optimization of an amorphous PV panel positioning in Katowice
Presented is research on optimization of achieving maximum power and electric energy from positioning of PV panels in relation to the horizontal plane in three time periods i.e. the lowest, medium and the highest zenith points that the sun reaches in the city of Katowice.The subject of this research was an amorphous silicon PV panel with the power rate of 128 W. Proved is that the concept of differentiated panel positioning is optimal at angles of 19o, 48o and 73o in a year’s scale. Additionally, location of panels in a mountain or an upland (Katowice) area improves their efficiency by 1-5% depending on the angle. South-facing panels convert more than several or even more than a dozen per cent of solar energy into electricity, with more than 80% of this energy acquired in spring, summer and autumn, and 17% in winter.
Keywords: PV panel, amorphous silicon, power, energy, positioning
Mateusz KASPRZYK
Comprehensive preparation of a compressor station modernization
Presented are three main activities, making use of „ENERGOPOMIAR” Sp. z o.o. experience, the execution of which, in the order given, is the basis of comprehensive preparation for a compressor station modernization. These activities include: identification of the expected parameters of the compressor station work, assessment of compressing efficiency and preparation of Terms of Reference (ToR). It is recommended that in this case the greatest possible focus should be placed on substantial identification of the expected compressor station parameters. Only the whole of presented activities constitute the starting point for the optimum method of a modernization undertaking implementation. The aim of a compressor station modernization is gaining economic benefits through increased efficiency of compressed air production. So, at all stages of the modernization preparation, at least a simplified economic and financial analysis should be made that would take into account the relation of expected benefits with regard to investment outlays and that would allow to select the optimum technical solutions for the installation concerned.
Keywords: compressor station, modernization of a compressor station, assessment of compressing efficiency
Tomasz SŁUPIK, Mariusz KUSA, Rafał CZEKALSKI
Measurements of pumps at their workplaces – problematic aspects and the real measurement uncertainty
Measurements at a workplace give a fair view of how the new pumps fit in the investment assumptions and what are the chances to achieve the expected return on investment (ROI) indexes. With a view to bring situation to the stage where performance measurements could be with no problem carried out and that in turn would enable settlement of the investment, there is a need to assess possibility to conduct measurements at the pumps installation site in the context of application of e.g. an assessment of the guaranteed point according to the selected standard class. The obtained results of reliable preliminary masurements are then the basis to calculate the economic and energy effects underlying the making of modernization decisions. The document, well describing the method to carry out performance measurements, is the PN-EN ISO 9906:2012 standard but ability of its precise application should be preceded by an analysis of possibilities offered by the facility.
Keywords: pumps measurements, economic effect calculations, analysis of facility possibilities
Grzegorz PAKUŁA, Tomasz SŁUPIK
Study of a feed water pump set adaptation to flexible operation of 200 MW power units
200 MW power units constitute the group of a close technical resemblance. All these units are equipped with practically the same feed water systems basing on three pumps. Both power units and feed water systems were thoroughly checked during many years of operation. Conclusions from research and operational practice raise a number of observations. It is essential to re-analyse them at least from the point of view of their present and future duties that the units will perform in the Polish Power System. Basing on the experience from measurement and analytical works as well as from the design and overhaul ones, an analysis is made of main problems that have substantial influence on the economics of feed water units work. Analysis is made with respect to actual loading schedules of selected power units in terms of possibility to improve production indicators through reduction of power needed for auxiliary services, in particular in the field of a power unit work at the technical minimum level. As a result of the carried out analysis a conclusion is made that there is a potential for significant reduction of power consumption in the way of elimination of various sources of losses.
Keywords: 200 MW power units, economics of feed water units work, power consumption reduction
Aleksandra BĄK, Tomasz CIERLICKI, Izabela PIASECKA
Testing and analysis of a multi roller grinding process of various rice species grains for energy purposes
The article is dedicated to examination of using various rice species for energy purposes. An analysis is made of the literature concernig characterisitic features and properties of rice grains. Presnted is the methodology of analyses and results of tests conducted on a multi roller grinding machine, the CAMSIZER unit (sieve analysis) and a calorimeter (energy efficiency indicators). The analysis of results confirmed that rice has valuable energy properties and it can even, to some extent, compete with hard coal which is the main energy source in Poland.
Keywords: renewable energy sources, biomass, grinding process, rice