Waldemar GOCHNIO, Marek KULESA
The Act on the Power Market as a new element of the Polish power industry model architecture
Presented are selected provisions of the Act on the Power Market prepared by Polskie Sieci Elektroenergyczne S.A. (PSE S.A.) as the TSO (transmission system operator) and the „Power Market Rules” approved by the President of the Energy Regulatory Office as well as the results of the first so-called general certification and capacity auctions conducted in 2018. Special account is taken here of the point of view of the Polish energy market players, electricity trading companies and final consumers. Presented are selected problems concerning implementation of the power market mechanism in Poland paying particular attention to those elements of the power market which are directly related to the electricity trading sector (mainly the secondary market) and to the final consumers possible activity in this market.
Keywords: Act on the Power Market, model of the power market mechanism, power market elements, electricity trading
Damian MROWIEC
Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) as a comparative indicator of various technologies electricity generation costs
Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is the average cost of electricity generation, most often expressed in monetary units, that must be incurred to generate 1 kWh or 1 MWh of electricity. Reasonability to determine LCOE costs and the effectiveness of this method both come from the possibility of comparing, in economic terms, the competitiveness of individual generation technologies. The LCOE index takes into account investment costs of a given generation unit, all costs incurred throughout its life, as well as the total amount of energy produced during that period. Presented here is the method of determining LCOE costs along with – basic assumptions and costs characterizing individual technologies of electricity generation. The results were developed on the basis of an analysis carried out by IEA and NEA organizations.
Keywords: levelized cost of electricity – LCOE, method to determine LCOE costs
Rafał HYRZYŃSKI, Janusz BADUR, Marta JAROSZEWSKA, Paweł ZIÓŁKOWSKI, Sylwia GOTZMAN, Marcin FROISSART
The influence of wind farms on climate
Presented are the issues related to the widely understood development of wind energy industry. Discussed is the current state of the world power generation development, analysed are energy industry development forecasts for the coming years and in this context the issues related to the wind energy development are discussed in quite some detail. On the basis of available studies, outlined are also issues related to factors influencing the development of RES and their impact on climate. The paper is not a polemic with research results of the cited scientific teams, but references to such polemics are included. Also, the paper does not address issues related to the safety of the power system operation. On the basis of the research cited in the article it can be concluded that wind farms contribute to the increase of both local temperature and rainfalls. The nature of this phenomenon (positive, negative) in the context of global warming is currently the subject of research conducted by many scientists, however it can be said with certainty that the impact of RES on the climate is significantly smaller than that of fossil fuels.
Keywords: wind farms, climate, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), megatrends, FLEOH
Janusz ZAJĄCZKOWSKI
Level measurement in bulk solids for power and energy industry
Presented are basic recommendations concerning selection of level measurement transducers which, when measuring and signalling a level of bulk solids in coal feeding, dust removing and flue gas desulphurization installations, support the energy generation process.
Keywords: measurement transducers, bulk solids, installations for coal feeding, dust removing and flue gas desulphurization
Dawid CEBULA
Possibilities of measuring the energy efficiency of converter systems
Efficient use of energy and minimizing losses generated in current-collection devices are the problems that have been especially emphasized over the last decades. A power electronic system which is called a converter system is an intermediary element between the source and an electric power collector. Making use of power electronic converters results in reduction of electric energy consumption and extension of possibilities to control the powered device. Described are Fluke company converters for measuring currents and voltages, Topas power analysers and the National Instruments module measurement system used to measure dynamic states in propulsion sytems.
Keywords: converter systems, efficiency measurements, converters for measuring currents and voltages
Jerzy Piotr BEDNAREK
Hydrogen-powered aircraft engine
The paper is focused on the proposal to replace aviation kerosene, which is the present fuel for aircraft turbojet engines, with hydrogen – not using any hydrogen cells generating electric current as such solutions are already commonly known and applied.
Keywords: aircraft turbojet engine, hydrogen fuel