Herbert L. GABRYŚ
ENERGY POWER INDUSTRY IN POLAND 2019...from global challenges and selected from results – with the author’s commentary
It is concluded that, among the others, the world is calling for energy, widespread access to it and prices which will not kill the economy. But the world varies in its attitude to this issue and not only to this one. It’s got different understanding of its development priorities, it is also in different conditions of social and economic development as well as of stock resources. The priority for Poland now should be reduction of low emission from local sources and not fighting at any cost against the presence of coal in the economy. The world will not give up on coal. Methods to acquire new low-emission technologies are looked for as well as the use of zero emissions i.e. renevable sources. The long awaited strategic project of Polish Energy Policy until 2040 is slowly becoming a reality. In November 2018 the WEO report was published by the International Energy Agency in Paris. In the New Policies Scenario (NPS) mentioned are structural trends shaping the dynamics of primary energy consumption such as urbanisation and also population and economic growth. Due to them the primary energy demand will increase by one-fourth until 2040 with coal playing an important role in the process.
Keywords: development priorities in the world’s and the Polish energy sector, WEO report of the International Energy Agency, New Policies Scenario
Dariusz JANIGACZ, Anna NITARSKA-FINK, Barbara WARTAK
Changes in integrated permits – selected problems and doubts
The aim of this paper is to draw attention to selected problems connected with preparation of applications for changes of integrated permits, mainly in the scope of changes planned in fuels combustion installations and their adaptation to BAT conclusions with regard to the possibility to obtain a derogation. The problem which can be faced by the operator preparing the application is mainly the lack of consistency in law legislation, ambiguity of regulations, non-existence of unequivocal interpretations as well as interpretative discretions of bodies conducting the proceedings.
Keywords: integrated permit, material change, BAT conclusions, derogations
Tomasz SŁUPIK
Measurements of the wet FGD plant circulating pumps performance – overview of methods and the assessment of operation monitoring reasonability
Wet FGD plants, being an inseparable element of solid fuel fired power units, significantly burden the auxiliaries balance and so affect the energy production efficiency. Ciruclating pumps, as the basic wet FGD technological system, are relatively not a very well known area in the context of efficiency volatility and other flow parameters. This is mainly due to the problems which occur when performance of these pumps is measured. Presented is an overview of possibility and reasonability to conduct such measurements.
Keywords: circulating pumps performance, wet FGD plant, energy production efficiency
Elżbieta JANIGACZ
Wastewater from the power industry – a real problem or a fiction?
The aim of this paper is to draw attention to problems connected with the release of industrial wastewater from the energy sector into the environment. The problem that can face the potential end-user releasing sewage into environment is to maintain a good status of surface water bodies or at least not to deteriorate it. He will also face the lack of influence on achieving an environmental objective set out in a river basin management plan. Indicated are possibilities of derogations allowed by the new Water Law Act.
Keywords: surface water body, environmental objectives, Water Framework Directive
Janusz ZAJĄCZKOWSKI
Accuracy of steam thermal calculations in flow rate measurements. Energy and financial effect depending on pressure and temperature compensation
Endress+Hauser Prowirl 200 flowmeter enables conducting the full compensation of a steam flow rate both with the use of integrated temperature and pressure sensors and by ensuring the possibility to connect an external pressure transducer if there is a need to use a device of class 0,1% or better. Determination of steam dryness degree by the Prowirl 200 flowmeter allows more accurate calculation of the steam thermal parameters. Detection and determination of steam moisture increases also the safety level of thermal system operation by preventing water hammers. The Applicator utility software enables detailed evaluation of the steam thermodynamic condition in any state of superheating.
Keywords: Prowirl 200 flowmeter, flow rate measurements, steam flow measurement, energy and financial effect
Sylwester FILIPIAK, Nita WOJCIECH
Artificial neural network (ANN) in forecasting of the monthly electric energy consumption by customers connected to local MV distribution networks
Presented is the application of an artificial neural network in forecasting of the monthly electric energy consumption by customers connected to local MV distribution networks. Presented is a description of the applied neural network and the results of the performed forecasts. Given are also error values of forecasts realized by the applied neural network.
Keywords: artificial neural network, MV distribution networks, forecasting of a monthly electric energy consumption
Mateusz PŁAWECKI, Edward RÓWIŃSKI, Błażej BZOWSKI
Research on the efficiency optimisation of crystalline silicon cells in natural and laboratory conditions
Energy of solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface is increasingly used as an alternative source of electric energy. Presented are experimental investigations conducted in natural and laboratory conditions and concernig the efficiency optimisation of three cristalline silicon cells with different phosphorus content. It is proved that the investigated cells are able to convert light energy into the electric one. Maximum efficiency value is ~14% with the angular highest position of the Sun equal 39,45°. Efficiency parameter is a good tool to investigate the optimisation of the PV effect and the quality of the constructed PV cell.
Keywords: crystalline silicon cell, optimisation, efficiency, natural and laboratory conditions
Jerzy Piotr BEDNAREK
Geo-energetics – the flawless energy of future (debate article)
The author takes the view that geo-energetics is a possible alternative to all other methods of acquiring energy in the whole world. Listed are disadvantages of the presently used energy sources and given is the characteristics of geo-energetics. With the aim to use geo-energetics in Poland the author proposes to build in country boroughs energy plants placed in close vicinity to boreholes with pipelines acquiring geothermal heat. Additionally, a very important advantage of the geo-energetics is that it would make use of the excess heat from inside the globe in the amount of only 1/1500 of the world’s energy demand and, to the same extent, it probably would calm down seismic activity of our planet and improve safety of the life of humans and animals.
Keywords: geo-energetics, alternative to all other energy acquiring methods, utilization of geo-energetics in Poland