Krzysztof LIPKO
Complexity and uncertainty management concerning demand, production and market role in electric power system development planning
Energetyka 2009, nr 2, s. 73
Discussed are results of the C1 Study Committee CIGRE works referring to electric power systems development planning in uncertainty conditions relating to prognosing the demand for energy, localization of new electric energy production sources and modernization of the already existing ones, as well as to the results of power industry conversion in market conditions. Ascertained is the necessity to introduce new prognosing methods.
Keywords: electric power systems, uncertainty management, systems development planning
Jan STRZAŁKA
Electricians' occupational powers and principles of their acquisition
Energetyka 2009, nr 2, s. 89
The profession of an electrician is subject to continuous development and rejuvenation following the technology progress. An electrician must be a specialist whose qualifications should be unceasingly raised, tested and verified. And it is exactly the Association of Polish Electrical Engineers (SEP) which has been involved in the process of improving the quality of knowledge, qualifications and technical culture for the last several dozen years. Presented is a survey of electricians' occupational powers and general principles of their acquisition. The aim of the article is to comply with information needs of both the electricians only beginning their work (including students) as well as the already experienced ones who want to broaden their qualifications and increase their chances in the competitive market.
Keywords: electricians' occupational powers, principles of occupational powers' acquisition, legal rules
Jacek MALKO
Small hydro power plants in the UE's long-range energy structure
Energetyka 2009, nr 2, s. 98
The European Energy Policy identifies small hydro power plants as an important element of the EU's future electric power industry structure. There are however many obstacles and threats described in the article, that need to be overcome if SHPs are to make use of their potential in sustainable and competitive energy market.
Keywords: energy market, small hydro power plants
Piotr LENTYŃSKI, Piotr MAROSZEK
Inspections and stoppages of electric energy delivery
Energetyka 2009, nr 2, s. 101
Discussed are two procedures: inspections carried out at the end users and stoppages of electric energy delivery after finding incorrectnesses on the side of an end user – all on the basis of verdicts given in cases like the above mentioned ones.
Keywords: electric energy delivery, electrical installation inspection procedures, electric energy delivery stoppage procedures
Tadeusz MELECKI
Application of control and supervision system Econtrol in Elektrociepłownia Żerań
Energetyka 2009, nr 2, s. 109
Discussed are the elaborated and applied solutions of Econtrol system acting as an operator system, designed for controlling operation of some exemplary CHP plant's power system electric part. Presented are main features of the system: operating range, communication network architecture, services rendered for the plant's network and making all data accessible for other systems working in the CHP plant.
Keywords: Elektrociepłownia Żerań, Econtrol system, operator system features
Kazimierz Fulczyk, Edward Fryc, Tadeusz Gubernat
Modernization of generator power evacuation systems
Energetyka 2009, nr 2, s. 113
Technical development as well as obsolete and worn out devices in generator power evacuation systems compel their modernization. Discussed is the most frequently used range of modernization containing the most favourable, from technical and economic point of view, solutions.
Keywords: generator power evacuation systems, system modernization range
Marek MARCISZ
Hard coal management standardizing methods used in power and CHP plants
Energetyka 2009, nr 2, s. 115
An attempt is made to systematize the coal management control. Made is closer approach to problems concerning taking deliveries of coal and its further allocation. Presented are – in a simplified form – methods, operations and procedures to be taken in the process of taking deliveries and allocation of coal. This way the conformity of deliveries and allocations with orders and book-keeping entries can be authenticated.
Keywords: hard coal management, hard coal management normalizing procedures
Rafał RIEDEL
The future of CCS (CO2 Capture and Storage) technology in Europe – shall we be able to „bury" the source of global warming?
Energetyka 2009, nr 2, s. 123
Promoted by the UE solutions in the field of CO2 capture and storage technology are the crucial form of realization of the so-called energy mix decarbonization i.e. reducing coal participation in the structure of energy production and consumption. It means reduction of coal participation, as an energy raw material, in energy production, as well as reduction of CO2 production as the side effect of the process. Growing dependence of European countries on deliveries of such energy raw materials like crude oil and gas from political unstable regions, and growing demand for these materials from the side of dynamically developing Asiatic economies (competition pressure on the demand side), generate the pressing need to implement a program liberating European power sector dependence – and, in consequence, the whole European economy – from crude oil and gas supplies. One of possibilities to achieve this purpose is a partial (repeated) reorientation of the energy production sector to coal. As we all know, the coal – after modernization of combustion efficiency and some innovations in the process of capturing and storage of CO2 – can be (and it most probably will be in future) the substantial energy alternative meeting the UE's environment standards. However, we must remember that our biosphere absorption abilities are limitied, so this method is not the solution of coal energy production problems as well as of excessive CO2 emission but only shifting in time the necessity to apply environment friendly, no-fuel or low-fuel technologies. CCS technology gives us hope to continue energy production using traditional raw materials and making no harm to environment, especially to the atmosphere, in the form of bigger CO2 concentration followed by climate changes. CO2, captured on place of generation, will then be pumped into the so-called geological reservoirs. Demo projects and scientific analyses present the CCS system as the promising one, but we are not able to foresee all possible side-effects like, for instance, the risk of leaks during transport and storage. It does not, however, change the fact that this particular technology will allow for coal energy production for the next several decades.
Keywords: decarbonization, energy, the UE energy policy, CCS system