Dominik Duda
Long-term rating of HV and MV cable lines
Presented is calculation methodology of HV and MV aerial and underground cable lines long-range rating based on analysis of cables' thermal equivalent diagram. Given are values of cable material and environment parameters recommended for these calculations. Mutual influence between neighbouring cable lines on their rating is also taken into account. Described is the impact of additional power losses in cables on the rating and presented are methods to reduce these losses.
Keywords: cable lines, thermal parameters, rating
Jan Popczyk
SECOND SYSTEMIC REFORM OF THE POLISH POWER INDUSTRY
– the main pillar of TETIP transformation to electroprosumerism
The concept of the second systemic reform of the Polish electricity sector presented in the paper is the main pillar of the entire fossil fuel energy sector transformation (of all its sectors) to electroprosumerism. It is the concept ensuing from fundamental prerequisites i.e. from the triplet of the paradigmatic electric monism. These ones are qualitatively stronger than those that were at the basis of the first reform implemented in 1990-1995, and which resulted in the goals of that reform: switching the KSE from "the East to the West" as well as decentralization ("extraction" of the power industry from socialism – today from state corporatism – and arranging it in the market space) and marketization. The prerequisites for the necessity of the second systemic reform emerged with all sharpness in the second half of 2020 as the already open collision of the entire Polish fossil fuel energy sector (all its sectors) with the wall i.e. with the reality of its own inability to adapt to the scope of inevitable changes. The specter of this collision had much earlier begun a gradual redefinition of the concept of the electricity market systemic reform (which the author developed in the second half of the last decade) into the concept of the second systemic reform of the whole power industry. A strong catalyst for the final transition from one to the other became the adopted by the government in January-February 2021 "nuclear and energy" policy PEP2040 and the government's draft of the National Plan for Reconstruction and Increasing Resilience. And more precisely, the total inadequacy of the above-mentioned documents to the requirements of the future (the resulting from them complete lack of comprehension of future challenges).
Keywrods: fossil fuels, energy, power engineering, transformation, RES, electroprosumerism
Krzysztof Bodzek
Electroprosumerism market services in local government entities (JST) – from development of competences to markets' management
Systems(WSE) are an effective way to achieve electroprosumerism. They enable access to technical solutions connected with four markets and dedicated to local needs but not necessarily linked together geographically. They provide the platform for services in these markets, which encompasses technical, commercial and even social issues. Presented here an extension of the system(WSE) concept covers first of all the technical layer (with five specified areas) from network components to decisive programs. Still, it must be emphasized that despite the technological possibilities the creation of the system(WSE) needs a systemic reform of the energy market and co-creation of this system by all its users.
Keywords: system(WSE), energy transformation, competences, electroprosumeric Warsaw
Andrzej Jurkiewicz
ELECTROPROSUMERISM IN PRACTICE
Three products/services in the electroprosumerism market
Discussed are paths to reach full electroprosumerism on the example of three products/services: the first one concerns individual consumers and the sphere of services connected with these consumers, mainly in the area of residential and public utility building; the second product are the energy self-sufficient agricultural and livestock farms; and in the third product/service there is described a production plant on its way to electroprosumerism. Ascertained is that in future one should aim for creation of a closed circle economy system (GOZ) in the area of local authority activities, housing estates and firms. GOZ should comprise all energy media and the whole environmental policy, including waste management, in a given area. Described is a system that is the basic work tool for every operator and that cannot be omitted in any of the proposed solutions. Its principal task is full control and management of production and distribution of energy in a given area (municipality, employment places, cooperatives, buildings). The presented here system (System SyNiS) monitors, supervises and controls the work of about 200 facilities on the territory of Poland.
Keywords: electroprosumerism, closed circle economy, control and management of production and distribution of energy in a given area, SyNiS system
Jan Popczyk, Krzysztof Bodzek
ENERGY TRANSFORMATION OF WAŁBRZYCH SUBREGION
Trajectory of CO2 reduction in the model of TETIP transformation to electroprosumerism
Proposed in this article methodological standard of determining the CO2 reduction trajectory heuristics was applied in relation to Wałbrzych Subregion. It represents the second iteration of electrical monism verification on the PPTE2050 platform – it opens the way to build heuristics for TETIP transformation to electroprosumerism with the use of process modelling techniques being on very different levels of advancement. But the most important is to achieve a progress in the 4-dimensional aspect: building construction passivization, heating sector electrification, electrification of transport and re-electrification of OZE. In the presented methodological standard this multidimensionality was transformed into the trajectory of CO2 emission reduction as the process dependent on very strongly involved processes/areas: scalability of electroprosumerism, emerging market OZE-RCR and the three descending end-markets of energy belonging to the WEK-PK power industry. To such structured (in the aspect of estimation of the CO2 emission) TETIP transformation to electroprosumerism, the PPTE2050 platform has recently "added" an advanced modelling of the OZE-RCR emerging market trajectory.
Keywrods: reduction of CO2 emission, energy transformation, Wałbrzych Subregion