Jakub BECZKOWSKI, Andrzej PODSĘKOWSKI, Witold LASKOWSKI, Janusz JABŁOŃSKI
Why It is Worth to Modernise Radial Boiler Fans?
An objective of the paper is to pay attention - on the one side - to the relatively low level of the boiler fan efficiency and - on the other side - to a possibility of it improvement and achievement in such a way great savings of energy. Discussed are occurring flaws of the fan operation and ways of their removing. In the light of presented calculation results concerning economic problems and thanks to accessibility in the market fans with high efficiency real are prospects of improvement of present state of the boiler fans.
Andrzej WĘDZIK
Combined Systems of Electric Energy Generation. I Part. Technical Problems
A combined cycle, thanks to it essential features, is one of the most effective systems of electricity and heat generation. A gas turbine is not only a good source of electric energy but also a good source of heat, which can be effectively used in the steam system for generation of hot water, steam for techno- logical purposes, as electric energy as well. In countries with high developed technical infrastructure and in these ones where is an easy access to gas fuels more and more power plants based on the combined cycles are constructed. Ecological aspects are very important factors influencing dynamic development of this power sector.
Andrzej WĘDZIK
Combined Systems of Electric Energy Generation. II Part. Economic and Market Problems
Deliberations on the most important economic and market factors tied with electricity generation in combined cycles are included in the paper. Descriptions concern all the most important aspects: beginning from investment costs, operation and maintenance costs, fuel price, price of electricity generation and ending on factors deciding about a role and place of these units in the electricity market.
Adam MOSTOWSKI, Jarosław KOSTRUBIEC
SIEMENS zakończył modernizację SE 220/110 kV Łośnice
SIEMENS Sp z o.o. has completed in April 2006 key-turn modernisation (within the contract with PSE SA) of Łośnice 220/110 kV substation in Zawiercie. There has been taken into operation first in the country power object adapted to operation without the personal staff; both - 110 kV and 220 kV switching stations has been equipped with equipment of the GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) technology. Łośnice substation is localised near Zawiercie and it is in southern region of Poland the important grid node for the electric energy transit, distribution and transformation from 220 kV to 110 kV; it is also an essential source of supply for important electricity consumer CMC Zawiercie (former Zawiercie Steelworks). To Łośnice substation are introduced seven 220 kV lines, seven 110 kV lines and transformation between these voltages is assured by one 160 MVA auto-transformer.
POWER INDUSTRY ACADEMY
Stanisław CADER, Bogumił DUDEK, Roman FOBER, Tadeusz GONTARZ, Witold WIŚNIEWSKI
7th Session - Live Line Works at Equipment and Wiring Systems - Sixth Lecture - Accessories and Tools for Live Line Works
Safety requirements concerning the individual protective accessories are defined by European Directive 89/686/EWG "Means of individual protection". This directive was introduced to the Polish Law by the Regulation of the Minister of Economy, Work and Social Policy of 31 March, 2003 concerning essential requirements due to individual protection means (Polish Official Paper - "Dziennik Ustaw" No. 80, pos. 725). In the paper there are listed obligatory personal equipment of the worker employed at live line works.
Janusz SZYMACHA, Dorota ZIELONKA, Marek CIESIELSKI, Ireneusz KOBIELA
GSME - Effective Way of Detection of Smouldering Fires
GSME detectors - thanks to gas sensors applied in them - detect smouldering processes, especially early stage of smouldering fires in coal dust layers. In places, where smouldering fires in early stages are not detected by conventional devices using ionisation or optical methods, implementation of new technologies like GSME detectors gives more efficient protection against smouldering fires in a power plant coal handling area.
Grażyna BEDNAREK, Marek GATNIEJEWSKI, Zenona NITECKA, Sławomir ZIELIŃSKI
Conditioning Technologies of Water-Steam and Cooling Water Cycles and Their Influence on Technical Condition of Equipment in Bełchatów Power Station
Power unit operation according to pertinent requirements concerning the use of water in essential cycles influences faultless operation of the power units. The highest requirements concern the water and steam quality in the water-steam cycles.High quality of the supplementing water and next, processes of additional cleaning with the use of filters and condensate cleaning plant and independently proper chemical correction cause the limitation of corrosion and sediment creative processes.
Edward CZARZASTY, Włodzimierz TOMCZYK, Arkadiusz PIOTROWSKI
Earth Fault Relay Protection and Arc Protective Systems in 6 kV Grid in Bełchatów Power Station
In Bełchatów power station there is a wide-spread system of the MV grid. As a result of the prophylactic actions there are generally no operational problems arising from this system. However, some fault situations can not be totally eliminated. Proper operating relay protection system is here crucial for protection against fault effects; it concerns especially the earth fault protection and arc protective systems, as switchgear of modern design as well.
Jan PIKUŁA, Zbigniew SZLĘK
Re-Creative Overhaul Technology of Beating Wheels of Fan Mills Operating in Bełchatów Power Station
Andrzej STOBIECKI
Fault Intensity of MV/LV Distribution Transformers with Connection Group Yzn5
and Dyn5
Wiesław KRUSZEWSKI
Assessment of Influence of Operational Parameters on Equipment Usefulness Applying Bayes Theorem