Jacek MALKO
Power security in dangerous times
An essential oeuvre of last every year IAEE conference is an important contribution into common discussion on the power security. Twenty eighth edition of this important event (Postdam, June 2006) had discussed many actual problems of the energy supply sector, but - no doubt - the dominant were problems of the power security. The conference programme paper was spoken by sir David Howell of Guilford the member for many years of the British parliament. The conference was summarized in the IAEE quarterly (3/2006, [2]) by the president of the conference, professor G. Erdman from Technical University in Berlin.
Romuald KOSZTALUK
Insulation co-ordination of high voltage network equipment
Part 1. Withstand of air insulation
Part 2. Application principles
The paper deals with modern methods of insulation co-ordination, issued by CENELEC and involved into European standards. Basic assumptions for accepted procedures are considered. They concern among others various strength characteristics of gaps and long insulators strings, co-ordination factor K, withstand voltages of "phase to earth" and "phase to phase" insulation distances. In the part 2. the paper presents co-ordination principles of electrical networks insulation, involved and accepted as European standards, issued by CENELEC. They concern: characteristics of modern surge arresters, application of gap factor K and choice of rated and standard insulation levels in the networks from 3 kV to 750 kV. Examples concerning co-ordination of equipment air insulation adapted for conditions of European networks are given and discussed.
Zbigniew CZECHOWICZ
Training simulator of the boiler operation made in ZIAD Bielsko Biała plc.
In order to analyse the boiler operation in transient state at great disturbances can be made simulations. The disturbances can be caused by the emergency outage of auxiliary equipment such as pumps, fans etc, or by the turbine outage. Thermal stresses occur then. It is very hard to train operating staff in real object for these cases with regard to rare occurrence of such kind disturbances. In the paper are described models of the boiler evaporator, the temperature distribution of flue gases, the economizer and the air heater.
POWER AND MANUFACTURES
Michał TORBUS
System of emergency isolation and protection against overvoltages of outdoor MV/LV substations offered by BEZPOL
Use of the system of the emergency isolation and protection against overvoltages of the outdoor MV/LV substations and insulation shields is technically and economically fully substantiated. The ecological aspect of used solution is also seen here; it means limiting the adverse influence of the power objects on the environment. Pertinent protection against overvoltages and the access restraint for animals gives great savings resulted by avoiding costs of failure removal and economic effects of breaks in electricity supply. Avoided is also problem of menace for animals (often protected species) arisen from contacts with transformers.
Krzysztof KOZA, Henryk MIGACZ
Development in manufacturing of prefabricated concrete reinforced elements in STRUNOBET-MIGACZ Ltd. for electricity distribution needs
Presented is a description of new, modernized system of concrete reinforced two branch poles of the ŻN type used as supporting structures in LV overhead power lines. In the modernized poles the shape, longitudinal dimensions and arrangement of technological holes have not been changed. Dimensions of the transversal cross section, concrete class and kind and quantity of the reinforcement have been changed. Presented are a history of STRUNOBET-MIGACZ Ltd. and offered products. Presented are also development directions of manufacturing and possibilities of utilization of the most modern technology in solutions of transformer substations, as a new product line of the firm.
Wojciech RAKOWIECKI
Thermovision camera
The thermovision is a modern diagnostic method of power equipment and it is used in the generation, transmission, distribution and utilization of electric energy (inspection of generators, electric power lines, transformers, switchboards and also power boilers, pipelines, turbines and heating grids). Toruń Branch of ENERGA plc. Power Concern is an owner of the thermovision camera made by FLIR SYSTEM AB, the world leader in the field of thermovision cameras. The main objective of use of the thermovision camera in the Toruń Branch is the diagnosis of the power equipment.
POWER INDUSTRY ACADEMY
Stanisław CADER, Bogumił DUDEK, Roman FOBER, Tadeusz GONTARZ, Witold WIŚNIEWSKI
Session 7 - Live line works on electric power units and installations - Eleventh lecture - Live line works on overhead MV lines
Elaboration of the "Guide book for live line works in 15 and 20 kV overhead grid" by the team of Irish experts from ESBI and PTPiREE in the years 1996-1997 began an introduction of these works into operational practice. A guarantee of security at the live line works with tools and equipment suitable for rated voltage is among others: to use insulating gloves, insulating sticks, to work on the aerial lift with the insulated platform or on the insulated pole platform, to use insulating shields on all parts in the place of work and also on the pole structures, to keep secure distance between live parts and not protected parts of the worker's body.
Ryszard BARTNIK
Thermodynamic and economic advisability of use of compressor heat pumps in heating systems
Main motivation for construction and use of heat pumps consists in fact that quantity of heat not delivered to heated space or to the stream of heating medium is always greater by free waste heat from used payable energy utilized for their drive. If then exists a source of low temperature free waste energy with a great grade reliability and it ability to be renewed, the possibility of use of the heat pump enabling to "relocate" this energy on higher energy level into the heated space must be analyzed. Many technological processes in industrial plants are such a source. Necessary condition of economic profitability of the pump use are very low prices of electricity used for the drive at high prices of fuels for alternative energy sources.
Ryszard FILIN, Bogusław ZAKRZEWSKI
World trade of LNG - present state and development directions
In the paper with review-analytic character there are described essential properties of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a fuel, technologies of it liquefying; presented is also contemporary infrastructure of LNG production terminals with specification of European countries - neighbours of Poland; described is contemporary vessel fleet for LNG transport and prospects of it development in context of intention to build the gas terminal in one of Polish Baltic harbours.
POWER INDUSTRY AND ECOLOGY
Waldemar NIKODEM
Conformity of power economy with waste management in communes - formed fuels
Power economy and waste management in a commune has been treated separately till now. Such situation can not last in the face of changes and new conditions. Several reasons have appeared enabling to achieve the consistency of both economies with regard to: difficulties in implementing processes of renewable energy sources, a need to improve power safety in the country at the national and local scale, new rigorous requirements for the waste management, as well as preferred objectives for the EU aid funds. Fuels formed from municipal wastes, bio-mass and coal have proved as a keystone for both economies. In the paper above mentioned problems are discussed, and helpful recommendations are presented in order to gain such conformity at the commune level in terms of investment planning and programming.