Majka K.
On Methodology of Tariffs for Electric Energy and Power Distribution Services
Energetyka 2005, No. 6, p. 361, 1 fig., 3 tabs, 12 refs
Basing on the 2003/54/EC European Union Directive concerning common principles of inner electricity market following problems are mentioned: tariff functions, the index price as a regulation tool, division of common costs for tariff groups and kinds of activity, protection of the weakest consumer interests, contractual power and its controlling, making tariffs for active electric energy, making tariffs for elements of the grid rate of the distribution service, the unit fixed cost (fixed element of the grid rate), the unit variable cost (variable element of the grid rate), differentiation of the variable element of the grid rate within day time zones, payments for reactive power consumption and making tariffs for balancing energy.
Dylejko J.
Co-operation and Conflicts in Relations between Participants of Oil World Market
Energetyka 2005, No. 6, p. 369, 3 figs, 7 refs
Force distribution between actors in the trilateral oligopoly prejudges the dynamics and co-operation directions within the oil producers. In other words, relation quality between members of one group remains under strong influence of relations existing between various groups and vice versa. This co-relation is a foundation for achieving the market position and for development of whole oil sector. On the shape of the world oil market, with regard to the strategic character of this material, more distinct influence has the grade of concentration at the supply side then at the demand side. It gives to entities controlling oil deposits a possibility to keep the dominant market position in the relation to other participants.
Rozewicz Z.
On Financing Sources for Research and Development
Energetyka 2005, No. 6, p. 372, 1 ref.
Toruń Power Distribution Company - Leading Company in Implementation of New Operation and Diagnostic Technologies - Took into Operation Thermographic System
Energetyka 2005, No. 6, p. 374, 10 figs
Majchrzak H., Mroziński A., Pozniak R.
Influence of Balancing Market Functioning on Costs Borne by Participants of Electricity Market
Energetyka 2005, No. 6, p. 361, 1 fig., 3 tabs, 12 refs
Presented is functioning character of the balancing market in Poland and changes occurring in the energy market. The way of discount settling in the balancing market at disturbances is analysed. It is noticed that costs borne by the producer and other participants of the balancing market are not reflected in costs borne de facto by the transmission system operator. Propositions of improving balancing marked are presented. Changes to be introduced should be worked out in such a way that they effectively improve action of the market mechanisms, i.e. to decrease considerable the energy volume, the transaction subject in the balancing market and to increase indirectly electric energy supply.
Jurdziak L.
Lignite Mine and Power Station in Conditions of Power Market Liberalization
Energetyka 2005, No. 6, p. 380, 5 figs, 32 refs
There is shown in the paper a necessity of a discussion on the definitive power market shape after de-regulation and privatization and a necessity to analyse and to model activities of this market with regard to menaces connected with potential cartel actions and an opportunism of concerned entities. Detailed are discussed some problems connected with functioning one of elements of this market, i.e. the day light lignite mine and the power station. Presented are new operational conditions of this system connected with market prices of electricity (withdrawal of long term contracts) and releasing the lignite prices. A model of this system is elaborated with regard to its functioning as a modified bilateral monopoly and presented is an optimal solution making maximal total profits in long period with utilization parameterization and optimization process of the day light lignite mines.
Słowikowska H., Słowikowski J., Barc W.
Emission of Sulfur Hexafluoride Originated from Power Equipment on the Background of Worldwide Activities Preventing Climatic Changes
Energetyka 2005, No. 6, p. 389, 4 figs, 8 tabs, 20 refs
Actions for reducing SF6 emission to the atmosphere are discussed. Foreseen success of these actions justifies further use of this gas in the power equipment. This discussion is preceded by a presentation of SF6 properties as the "greenhouse gas" embraced by emission limitations. With regard to the Kioto Protocol (Climatic Convention) cited operational experiences of the switchgear with SF6 insulation prove the importance of the problem of use that gas in the power equipment. Mentioned is also utilization problem of gas mixtures as an equivalent of the pure gas.
Brunné W.
Failures of Power Pipeline Suspensions
Energetyka 2005, No. 6, p. 405,
(Pro Novum Bulletin p. 1), 19 figs, 3 refs
It is tried to near the problems connected with pipeline suspension system, precisely with secure operation of the pipelines. Discussed faults illustrate events the most frequent occurring and obviously inform about the problems only, but does not embrace whole problems of suspension faults. It arises from the Pro Novum experience that inspection of the pipeline suspensions after long lasting operation is connected with their overhaul and/or conservation.
Zbroińska-Szczechura E., Dobosiewicz J., Kucz J.
Failures of Pipes in Power Boiler Waterwalls
Energetyka 2005, No. 6, p. 410,
(Pro Novum Bulletin p. 6), 5 figs, 10 refs
There are described faults of the power boiler waterwall. Basing on the assessment of the operation conditions there is proved that occurring faults are as a result of lack of compensation of the thermal extension. As a result on inner surface of the pipes arise additional stable and variable stresses which in the presence of the steam-water agent cause corrosion cracks (stress and fatigue corrosion).
Zbroińska-Szczechura E.
Failures of Flat Bottoms of Chambers with Relieving Grooves in Power Boiler Superheaters
Energetyka 2005, No. 6, p. 414,
(Pro Novum Bulletin p. 10), 6 figs, 2 refs
Faults described by VGB and arisen as an effect necessary boiler outages are known long ago in Polish power industry. As their indirect reason in each case are recognized design faults of the chamber (header) bottoms with relieving grooves (geometrical notches). In these arise areas with excessive bending stresses. So with the time occur deformations and cracks and in consequence the total fault of the element.
Trymucha J.
Investigation of Machine and Equipment Reliability in Cooling System of Power Stations
Energetyka 2005, No. 6, p. 417, 5 figs, 7 refs
Problems of machine and equipment reliability in cooling system of power stations is the subject of the paper. Given detailed description of the cooling systems and their operation include following systems: flow system with a river as a water source and circulation one with wet cooling towers; these systems are in common use in Polish power stations. A description of the de-carbonization water treatment plant is included. This plant is necessary to supplement the water losses in the cooling cycle with the wet cooling towers. Presented are also methods and scope of reliability investigations of the cooling system in the thermal power stations.
Tepczyński W.
Vision System of Early Fire Detection
Energetyka 2005, No. 6, p. 420, 1 tab., 2 refs
Early fire detection is an essential condition for assuring the fire security. Detection systems are a substantial element of the fire security systems, so they have significant importance in decreasing mortal accidents caused by the fire and magnitude of losses caused by the fire.