Jacek MALKO
The European Energy Sector until and beyond 2020
Energetyka 2010, nr 5, p. 263
Development and transition of the energy sector, envisaging aspirations for low-carbon economy, have goals and benefits that reach beyond climate change mitigations. A number of reports and publications, issued during last months, points to new conditionings and attainable ways to achieve the basic goal which is 80% reduction of coal emission, on the basis of the best accessible knowledge gained from electric power firms, scientific centres and branch experts. Presented are also fundamental theses of ECF "Roadmap 2050" report.
Keywords: power industry sector, emission reduction, electric energy strategy
Zbigniew PRZEDPEŁSKI
A way to the 4th generation nuclear power plants. Part two.
Energetyka 2010, nr 5, p. 267
Discussed are technical solutions of the 4th generation nuclear power plants. They are expected to change the present electric power industry by the application of solutions enabling introduction of distributed generation power plants: located as close as it is possible to the centers of electric energy consumers, easy in operation and with a low fuel consumption.
Keywords: 4th generation nuclear power plants
Bogumił DUDEK
Replacement of ground wires on live overhead lines
Energetyka 2010, nr 5, p. 273
One of the possibilities to improve efficiency of overhead power lines utilization is the replacement of conductors. Their replacement on live lines has been practised for many years in numerous countries, while in Poland we only begin to be interested in this method. Characterized are various methods of replacing ground wires with OPGW type conductors on live lines like stretching method and method of rotating rollers. Similarly, for this kind of works, determined are possibilities of phase conductors replacement.
Keywords: live line works technology, ground wires, OPGW type conductors
Krystian Leonard CHRZAN
Failures and destructions of surge arresters
Energetyka 2010, nr 5, p. 281
Described is failure frequency of non-linear-resistance and gapless valve-type arresters on the basis of examples described in technical literature and some breakdowns that occurred in Poland in the last few years.In these cases, failure frequency of surge arresters was first of all caused by moisture penetration, and failure rate of some particularly defective ones reached 2%. Polymer-housed gapless valve-type arresters, and especially the ones with eliminated free air space inside, are very resistant to damp penetration and thereby more reliable. Failure rate of high voltage surge arresters in Japan equals merely 0,01%.
Keywords: surge arresters, failure frequency, gapless valve-type arresters
Sławomir SZYMANIEC
Operation, diagnostics and repairs of three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors in industry and electric power industry
Energetyka 2010, nr 5, p. 285
The most frequent causes of break-downs and not planned outages of HV squirrel-cage induction motors are as follows: bad bearing maintenance during operation of motors, errors in replacement of bearings at the time of repairs and damages to motors insulation systems. Particular failure hazard for high power squirrel-cage induction motors occurs during their start-up after direct connecting to power network, especially at time of quick restart with not suppressed field, high residual voltage and phase opposition [24]. Operational life of motors depends on their resistance to thermal and electrodynamic interactions.
Keywords: 3-phase induction motors, operation, diagnostics, repairs
Halina RECHUL
Electric power system as a theoretical category
Energetyka 2010, nr 5, p. 291
An attempt is made to define an electric power system on the ground of philosophy. Ascertained is that such system is an artificial product constructed by man on basis of mechanics and cybernetics. Formulated is an opinion that at the base of the system definition lies an idea of a set of elements and a set of relations between them. Formal notion of a system can be a departure for constructing of its qualitatively various expressions depending on different points of view, e.g. economic, fuel and electric energy generation, social or electric power industry.
Keywords: theoretical category, electric power system
Adam BABŚ, Hanna BARTOSZEWICZ-BURCZY, Jacek ŚWIDERSKI,
Mirosław BAŃKO, Robert BORYS, Piotr CALIŃSKI
Physical and cyber threats and attacks on the UE interconnection power lines
Energetyka 2010, nr 5, p. 295
Discussed are various types of physical and cyber threats concerning the UE interconnection power lines. Every interconnection line is considered to be a three-element set: high-voltage transmission line and two substations located in the neighbouring UE member countries. Given is an answer to two fundamental questions that can be formulated for any considered threat and every element of an interconnection power line: does a given threat concern a given element of an interconnection line and what are possible consequences of the conceivable attack resulting from the investigated threat.
Keywords: security, transmission systems, international interconnection lines
Zygmunt KURAN, Sylwia WRÓBLEWSKA
Institute of Power Engineering works in the field of power system protection
Energetyka 2010, nr 5, p. 302
Presented are more important conceptional designs and construction projects realized by Institute of Power Engineering: electronic multifunction protection relays (ZAZ) and digital multifunction protection relays (CZAZ). Characterized are differential protections of transformers provided with criterial quantities recording function and also protection
testers and new constructions of current transformers.
Keywords: electronic multifunction protection relays, digital multifunction protection relays, testing devices
Sławomir SIERAK
Thyristor type systems for excitation circuits surge protection
Energetyka 2010, nr 5, p. 308
Presented is a description of thyristor based solutions for surge protection of synchro generator excitation circuits. It is destined mainly for power plants operation maintenance services with the aim to spread and establish knowledge of that problem. The described solutions become at present a standard equipment of excitation circuits and should be fully understandable for the staff. Described are also main ways of further development of these circuits.
Keywords: synchro generators, excitation circuits, surge protection, thyristor systems
Agnieszka KIJO – KLECZKOWSKA
Analysis of coal-water slurry fuel atomization process
Energetyka 2010, nr 5, p. 313
Combustion technology of coal-water suspensions (CWS) creates many new possibilities in combustion process organization meeting all present-day requirements – among other things, in the sphere of environment protection. That is why the comprehensive analysis, concerning technical possibility to apply coal as an energetic fuel in the form of suspension, is necessary. Improvement in the work of CWS-fired boilers needs to get acquainted with many processes, accompanying the behaviour and combustion of CWS, that have not yet been sufficiently cleared up. The aim of described investigations is to analyse the behaviour of CWS in various conditions.
Keywords: coal-water suspensions, combustion processes, power boilers