Bogumił DUDEK, Wojciech PILCH
Keeping the continuity of power supply by means of temporary solutions
Energetyka 2010, nr 2, p. 73
Application of temporary techniques for keeping the continuity of power supply in Poland needs wise, but at the same time courageous legal fixation. In the present state of legal regulations it seems to be the best solution to actively join the trend connected with introducing Critical Infrastructures. A good solution can take into account the application of temporary techniques not only in after-failure conditions, but also in cases when we deal with reliability decrease and/or a raised risk of electric power supply.
Keywords: Critical Infrastructures, power transmission lines, temporary solutions, power supply continuity
Rafał RIEDEL
Is energy a natural monopoly? – model formula of the electric power market
Energetyka 2010, nr 2, p. 79
A synthesis is built in the shape of an electric power market, identifying its basic subjects and functions. The prevailing in the last decades economic neo-liberal doctrine, presented explicitly its standpoint in this strategic sphere of life (privatization, commercialization, deregulation, liberalization). But the circumstances of economic crisis, as well as some other factors, make such a paradigm more and more frequently remonstrated. At the same time a growing number of investigators tend to ascertain that energy does not belong to classic goods subject to a typical market game. Starting point for this analysis are general conclusions concerning global scale, while its basic part concerns one of electric power markets in scale of a state. In the conclusive part of the analysis an attempt is made to define the energy supply as a common good.
Keywords: market, energy, power industry, monopoly
Michał Niernsee
Selection criteria of new coal-fired power plants location – practical approach in the Polish conditions
Energetyka 2010, nr 2, p. 83
There have reappeared numerous development plans in the Polish power industry recently. One of the main fuels taken into consideration is still hard coal. Discussed are various problems concerning a new coal-fired power plant location, including type Brownfield Lu Greenfield projects, „inside-the-fence" objects, infrastructural connections, transmission network access, cooling conditions, coal supplies, railroad transport, CO2 capture and storage.
Keywords: coal-fired power plants in Poland, locations
Jerzy KUBOWSKI
Conditionings of nuclear power plants locations
Energetyka 2010, nr 2, p. 88
Presented is a survey of problems that need to be analyzed as a condition of a nuclear power plant location. Shown are challenges that must be taken up by a firm competing for a building permit. Emphasized is, that during the building process and a NPP operation the goal number one, that must be always kept in view, is to secure nuclear safety.
Keywords: 3rd generation nuclear power plants, conditions of an electric power plant advantageous location
Stefania Stachura, Monika Gwoździk, Zbigniew Stradomski
Characteristic of new steels for coal fired power plants
Energetyka 2010, nr 2, p. 94
The paper presents steels designed for turbine and boiler components operated at higher temperatures and steam pressure in new and modernised power units. The microstructure and strengthening mechanisms have been discussed for toughened multi-component steels of low and high chromium content designed for long-lasting operation at temperatures <580°C and <620°C, respectively. Changes occurring in the steel structure at creep conditions have been discussed, resulting in continuous decrease in the creep strength.
Keywords: tempered martensitic and bainitic steels, strengthening: solid solution, grain boundaries, dislocations, precipitations, dislocation creep
Jerzy Tomeczek, Piotr Mocek
Practical application of CFD modelling during the design and utilization of CFB boilers
Energetyka 2010, nr 2, p. 103
The possibilities of numerical modelling of gasdynamics in industrial CFB are presented. The CFD Fluent software with own UDF functions for discrette solid particles distribution were used. Results for two industrial boilers are presented: Turów-CWF670 and Katowice-BCF100.
Keywords: fluidized bed combustors, modeling.
Jarosław Zuwała
Influence of biomass co-firing on the operational parameters of utility plants
Energetyka 2010, nr 2, p. 108
The influence of biomass addition to fossil fuels (hard coal, lignite) combusted in the power units is discussed in the paper. The changes of energy efficiency of the co-firing boiler as well as electric auxiliary coefficient are evaluated basing on the research biomass co-firing tests carried out in Polish power units. Their influence on the energy efficiency of the power unit is presented in the form of characteristics. Correlations obtained allow the reliable assessment of energy and ecological effects of biomass co-firing in the power industry.
Keywords: biomass, co-combustion, power efficiency
Henryk KARCZ, Ryszard GŁĄBIK, Marcin KANTOREK, Zbigniew MODLIŃSKI,
Paweł RĄCZKA, Jan ZMYŚLONY, Krzysztof FOLGA
Economic and operational effects of biomass combustion in a forefurnace of a power boiler
Energetyka 2010, nr 2, p. 115
Program of energy production from renewable sources becomes more and more popular in the Polish power industry. According to our domestic experience, the most often applied is the technology of biomass utilization for energy generation through either direct co-combustion of wood dust and coal dust in a conventional pulverizer-burner system or co-combustion of pyrolytic gas and charcoal produced in conventional wood gasifiers. However, they are the capital consuming investments with a high degree of operational risk, low safety factor and exploitation effects on the level of 5-7% of biomass mass fraction compared with the quantity of combusted coal. Suggested is application of a technology based on biomass combustion in a forefurnace of a boiler. This technology enables generation of up to 40% of energy produced in a mother boiler.
Keywords: biomass, co-combustion, power efficiency