KAMRAT W.
Słupsk Wierzbięcino Power Substation as an Element Connecting Poland - Sweden HVDC Transmission System
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 563, 2 figs, 4 refs
HVDC connection of the Power Systems of Poland and Sweden, except of more economic operation of both systems, enables to lower transmission losses, to limit quantity of coal to be fired in domestic power stations and as result to reduce the flue gas emission.
TARNOGRODZKI A.
Flue Gas De-sulphurisation with the Aid of an Ammoniac Mist
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 569, 9 figs, 4 refs
Presented is a simple and energy saving way of de-sulphurisation of flue gases arisen at hard coal combustion; it consists in flue gas misting with commercial ammoniac water. The mist is created with the aid of ultrasonic atomisers, supplied with compressed air at pressure of 0.25 MPa. In dependence on the solution of the de-sulphurisation reactor and quantity of flue gas stream there are used atomisers with collided or coaxial streams.
KRASICKA A.
Gaz de France (GdF) in the Face of Power Market Liberalisation in Europe
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 573
From the GdF programmes results, that for this firm more important are transport contracts and transmission ones with neighboring regions than gas sale alone. GdF has huge transmission grids, which will be a base for the policy of economic activity.
MAJCHRZAK H.
Influence of Start-up and Switch-off to Standstill of Power Units Technology in Power Stations on Energy Losses and Start-up Costs
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 577
Derived are detailed dependencies fitted for use for optional power units in power Stations and CHP stations There are worked out start-up title partition for partial stages. There is also worked out for Opole Power Station a calculation methodology of energy losses and costs at start-ups, but the methodology is universal, fitted for defining start-up losses of any power unit.
ROZEWICZ Z.
Communal Multi-Branch Companies (Power Engineering, Telecommunication Communal Services) - a New Quality and New Chance for Communes
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 581
There are presented advantages for communes and their inhabitants arisen from complex rendering of infra-structural services and introducing within a commune competitive market of these services.
KULA M., RZEMIENIEC-BASTER E.
On Use of Thermal Load Capacity of 400-110 kV Overhead Lines in Operation of Electric Power Grids in Variable Weather Conditions
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 587 (ENERGOPROJEKT-KRAKÓW SA Bulletin p. 1), 4 figa, 1 tab, 14 refs.
Principles of dimensioning and loading of overhead power lines tan be a subject of intuitive settlements. They should be a subject of legal "standardisation", based on requirements to be discussed by experts.
PAWLICKI R., RUMIAN J.
A Tower for 220 kV Line of 95 m Height in Dolna Odra Power Station
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 595 (ENERGOPROJEKTKRAKÓW SA Bulletin p. 9), 2 figs
There are given general description of design and design details of the tower. A silhouette of designed tower and profile of line cross with objects of flue gas de-sulphurisation plant are inserted. There are given examples of use in Poland of peculiarly high towers of overhead power lines.
NOWAK S., PILAT K.
Supply of Auxiliaries in UHV Substations. Standard Requirements
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 597 (ENERGOPROJEKTKRAKÓW SA Bulletin p. 111, 2 figs
Given era supply sources of substation auxiliaries, proposition of their standardisation and schemes of supply of transformers for auxiliaries. There are given also design solutions and supply electrical parameters of transformers designed for auxiliaries supply
BAGIŃSKI A., OLECH W., PAWŁOWSKI D.
Directions of Amendments of Operation Handbook for Transformers
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 604 (ZPBE Energopomiar Bulletin No. 2/196 p. 261, 1 fig., 1 tab, 10 refs.
Given is a "history" of an operation handbook for power transformers, substantiation of need of changes and main directions of amendments. Presented are general programme of amended handbook and new problems introduced into it substance
OLECH W., OLEJNICZAK H., BUHACZ T, BEDNARSKI B.
Oil Test Programme in Amended Operation Handbook for Transformers
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 608 (ZPBE Energopomiar Bulletin No. 2/196 p. 301, 4 figs, 3 tabs, 12 refs.
Considerable use of insulation materials (including insulation oil) in transformers of modern design requires more accurate diagnostic tests, especially diagnostic without outages. There is discussed influence of experiences on test programme achieved up to now, especially for insulation oil, foreseen in the new operation handbook for transformers and there are cited required assessment criteria. Given are examples of performed tests.
SOBOTA J.
Influence of Properties of Burned Hard Coal on Costs of Electric and Heat Energy Generation
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 613 (ZPBE Energopomiar Bulletin No. 2/196 p. 351, 6 refs.
Influence of coal essential properties on variable costs of electric and heat energy generation is quite good recognised. Great coal fuelled power stations have programmes for optimisation of coal choice in aspects of purchase and transport costs of the fuel, More hard is to define influence of burned coal on fixed costs, among others how it results in life decrease of equipment or elements (corrosion or erosion processes of heating surfaces etc.). Great intensification of processes degrading technical state of boiler equipment or especially disadvantageous coal properties can cause failures or make necessary to decrease output of equipment.
SANOCKI A.
Relay Protection Systems in Works Conducted by Energopomiar
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 617 (ZPBE Energopomiar Bulletin No. 2/196 p. 391, 11 refs.
Using as an occasion the 50th anniversary of existence of branches responsible for relay protection and automatic control system there is discussed in a historical view a development of relay protection systems, beginning from electromechanical relays, through static relays and philosophy of static relay systems used in seventies, ending on digital protection systems. On this background there is mentioned a share of Energopomiar in works in the field of relay protection systems.
SIKORSKI J., SZPAK S.
Assessment of Electric Shock Menace in the Region of HV Switchyards and Substations, Especially of 110 kV and Higher Voltage
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 621 (ZPBE Energopomiar Bulletin No. 2/196 p. 431, 11 refs.
There are discussed factors influencing the electric shock menace for people in the region of HV switchyards and substations, especially of 110 kV and higher voltage; characterisation of used measurement methods are given. An attention is paid to special importance of proper carrying out the tests of the electric shock menace
GROSZKO M.
Hygienic Assessment of 50 Hz Electromagnetic Fields in Power Industry and Personnel Exposure on Them in the Light of New NDN Criteria
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 624 (ZPBE Energopomiar Bulletin No. 2/196 p. 461, 1 tab, 8 refs.
There are defined groups of equipment being a sources of electromagnetic fields. New NDN (values the highest admissible magnetic fields) are compared with ones being in force up to dale. Given is hygienic assessment of electromagnetic fields occurring in the power industry and additional means for limitation of personnel exposure
JAREMA-SUCHOROWSKA S.
Results of Works Carried Out in Energopomiar in the Field of Plate Granulating of Industrial Wastes
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 628 (ZPBE Energopomiar Bulletin No. 2/196 p. 501, 3 tabs, 6 refs.
Presented is course of investigations concerning the utilisation of flue ashes (also after fluidal combustion), de-sulphurisation products and industrial wastes. Original technologies of achieving granulate ara shown. Use of the granulate fis discussed.
OLECHOWSKI T.
Protection against Noise and Vibrations Caused by Transformer Substations localised in Residential Buildings
Energetyka 2001, No. 10, p. 632 (ZPBE Energopomiar Bulletin No. 2/196 p. 54j, 1 lab,
There are discussed sources of nuisance for inhabitants caused by transformer substations localised in residential buildings. Given are admissible values of sound and vibration level; there are especially presented measurement results of effectiveness of vibro-isolation pads of two types.