Cezary Tomasz SZYJKO
Conclusions of the EU Polish Presidency: the Union in relation to the global energy dialogue
Changing situation in the global energy market raises to Europe successive challenges demanding common and more intense effort from the member countries in support of realization of the EU energy policy tasks set in the Lisbon Treaty. The EU requires a stable and a long-time strategy concerning development of the energy sector in the perspective of the year 2050. The Polish Presidency met the challenge supporting aspirations of the European countries and institutions for full implementation of the already accepted solutions like the third liberalization package. The Presidency wanted to achieve the biggest progress possible as regards the infrastructure package and legal acts concerning energy efficiency and constituting the main part of energy legislation.
Keywords: global energy dialogue (GED), improvement of the European energy security
Konrad ŁASKAWIEC
Management of the risk in the energy sector
The identification of elements of the risk management in organizations. Application of the method of limiting and elimination of risk on the example of a selected energetistic enterprise - Grupa TAURON S.A. - the case study.
Keywords: energetistic enterprises, risk management, risk elimination
Jacek MALKO
National nuclear policies after Fukushima
The nuclear disaster on March 11th this year at Fukushima Dai-ichi, second after Chernobyl, shocked politician and public around the world. Now is the time to assess what the impact night be on Europe’s and world’s power generation mix if countries turn their back on new nuclear. In the months since governments have embarked on a variety of safety assessment and energy policy reappraisals.
Keywords: nuclear power plant failure, structure of electric energy sources, the future of nuclear power industry
Marek CIEŚLA, Janusz DOBRZAŃSKI, Grzegorz JUNAK
Utility characteristics of a superheater outlet chamber material after overrunning the computational service life
The paper focuses on evaluating the effect of long-term service on mechanical properties of the X20CrMoV11.1 steel used for superheater chambers. The test material consisted of the steel in its initial state and after long-term service (> 100k hours. The principal mechanical properties, the thresholds of brittleness and resistance to brittle cracking (δu) were determined for the investigated material. Laboratory tests simulating the failure processes which take place in normal operating conditions were carried out. Also, the characteristics of short-term (accelerated) creep, low-cycle fatigue and thermo-mechanical fatigue of the material were determined. The low-cycle fatigue tests were performed at room temperature and at 550oC, and the thermo-mechanical fatigue tests, at a temperature range of 250oC-550oC. The knowledge acquired in this field may be useful while forecasting the life cycle of objects made from the X20CrMoV11.1 steel, which operate under thermo-mechanical loading conditions.
Keywords: superheater chamber, fatigue life, low-cycle fatigue, thermo-mechanical fatigue, brittle cracking
Władysław BRZOZOWSKI
Database of faults and fault Tree of Power plants devices as Elements of RCM Maintenance Technology
The paper describes an implementation of two, especially important elements of RCM (Reliability-Centered Maintenance) technology: database of faults and fault tree of power plant devices, into a computer program of power plant maintenance optimization. On the beginning, fundamental concept of the RCM technology has briefly been reminded in the paper. Then, on the base of theoretical solutions of power plant maintenance optimization problem, a required structure of computer database of faults of power plant devices has been characterized. As regards fault tree, a structure of computer database of trees, tree nodes and tree branches, as well as an Author’s original algorithm of calculation of tree, with utilization of graph theory, have also been described. These elements have already been implemented into the computer program of power plant maintenance optimization, which is actually being worked out by Author.
Keywords: thermal power plant, maintenance planning, database of faults
Maciej KALISKI, Paweł FĄCZEK, Adam SZURLEJ
Conditions for the limitation of energy consumption by the economy of Switzerland (conditionings of energy consumption reduction)
The purpose of this article is to present the assessment of the current state and perspectives for limitation of the consumption of primary energy carriers in Switzerland. The main emphasis is put on the issue of realisation of the concept of „2000 Watt society”, pursuant to which the average year consumption of primary energy per capita, in Switzerland, by 2050, shall be limited down to 2000 W. The realization of that goal demands actions focused on limitation of energy consumption by all consumer groups, with a particular concern given to household consumers. In this work the costs of the realization of abovementioned concept, as well as chances for achievement of planed objectives are also discussed.
Keywords: energy consumption in Switzerland, consumption limitation, strategy of limiting actions
Mirosław GORCZYCA
Norwegian power industry
Discussed are the main problems of the Kingdom of Norway energy economy. Norway is the example of a country which rationally utilizes its resources, including the energy ones, and builds on their basis the economy power and welfare of the citizens. Care about the ecological character of power industry development - utilization of hydroenergy with no harm to the environment and the energy saving character of the economic growth - must be particularly emphasized.
Keywords: energy sector, Norway, energy economy
Piotr DZIERWA
Determining of allowable heating and cooling rates of boiler pressure components using the quasi steady-statetheory
A quasi steady - state approach was used to calculate temperature and thermal stress distribution in thick wall pressure components. The differential equation for the quasi steady – state conduction can be solved faster than the transient equation. If the quasi steady – state temperature distribution is known, the thermal stresses can easily be calculated. It was found that the stress concentration factors for components of complex shape depends on the heat transfer coefficients on the inner surface.
Keywords: power boilers, heating speed, quasi-steady state theory