Andrzej ZIĘBIK, Paweł GŁADYSZ
Thermodynamic analysis of heat storages application in a power plant low-pressure regenerative system
One of the methods to improve flexibility of power units working as intermediate-load ones is heat storage application in a steam and water system. Such systems equipped with feed water storage tanks ensure stable operational conditions of a boiler when a power plant is working with loads different from the rated one. This allows to increase the production of electricity during peak loads and as a result to improve economics of coal-fired power plants. During off-peak loads of a power system or a local power demand decrease the steam flux to a condenser is reduced while the regenerative steam fluxes are increased. This way the cold feed water from the bottom part of a heat storage tank is heated up and the preheated water is then accumulated in the top part of the heat storage. During peak loads or a local power demand increase the whole (or a part) of the low-pressure regenerative system can be closed and the preheated water is transported from the heat storage to a feed water tank. As a result an increase in a peak load electricity production can be achieved.
Keywords: heat storage tanks, power station, low-pressure regeneration, peak load, off-peak load
Andrzej ZIĘBIK, Marcin SZEGA
Adaptation of 200 MW energy units for heat production – the effective way of producing system heat and cooling agents
Described are the results of energy analysis concerning adaptation of 200 MW energy units for heat production in order to cover the demand for heating and cooling agents. Attention is turned to the fact that the power loss coefficient fundamentally influences the index, resulting from cogeneration process execution, of a fuel chemical energy savings and the partial energy efficiency of the heat production. Both these indices are the adequate measures of improving energy efficiency of the cogeneration process realized in a power plant adapted for heat production. Presented are also the assessment results of trigeneration technology influence on increasing the index of fuels chemical energy savings due to an energy unit adaptation for the heat production.
Keywords: energy analysis of power plants adaptation for heat production, 200 MW energy unit, power loss coefficient, cogeneration
Maciej KIELIAN, Piotr NIEMIEC, Maciej GROSS
Realization of semi-automated boiler start-up procedures in a power unit control system on the example of a WP-120 water boiler in EC Gdyńska
The constant development of power unit automation is a direct result of ever-growing demand for new and innovative algorithms of automatic control which main purpose is to enhance industrial processes and to aid power unit personnel. In the light of the above mentioned, IASE Ltd. in cooperation with EDF Polska S.A. Oddział Wybrzeże w Gdańsku – EC Gdyńska professionals introduced a set of semi-automated boiler start-up algorithms. Their main purpose is to minimize a boiler start-up time with taking into account technological guidelines imposed by the producers. Presented are power unit automation solutions introduced to the DCS MASTER, a product of IASE Ltd., and applied on a WP-120 water boiler in EDF Polska S.A. Oddział Wybrzeże w Gdańsku – EC Gdyńska.
Keywords: power unit automation, automatic boiler start-up, water boiler WP-120
Krzysztof BILLEWICZ
Negative influence of electricity on human psyche – fears and phobias (debate article)
More and more attention has recently been paid to the human psyche. Emphasized is the fact that there exist many ailments and disorders and developed are methods to cope with them or to just help the afflicted persons. Generation or a flow of an electric current can also cause formation, occurrence and growth of various mental illnesses. Specified and described briefly are basic anxiety and phobic disorders. Presented are also fears and specific kinds of behaviour in humans which occurrence is connected with everyday use of electricity, cases of electric shocks, inability to buy sufficient quantity of electric energy or the feeling to be completely cut off from its deliveries.
Keywords: electricity, psyche, phobia, electric shock
Bartłomiej PEJAS, Sławomir BIELECKI
Prosumer energy in Poland in the face of forming of the national energy legislation
Directive 2009/28/WE adopted by the European Parliament and the Council imposed obligatory duties on all UE member states to achieve targets like, among the others, increase in the use of energy coming from renewable sources (RES) and also made it necessary, in the 2020 perspective, to take clearly defined actions both in the area of a large-scale power generation and the prosumer energy. According to the Article 4 of the Directive every member state is obliged to prepare a plan of actions which periodically updated should set the path and all measures serving the RES targets realization. The Poland National Renewable Energy Action Plan was adopted by Decision of the Council of Ministers of 5 December 2010. It contained the concept to implement a directive on the promotion of the use of energy from RES in the form of a dedicated legislative act, the so-called RES Act, that would also regulate questions related to prosumer energy. As it is known, the mentioned legislative act has been coming into being for quite a long time, in the company of arising in the meantime various ideas and concepts which then resulted in consecutive draft acts and amendments. The first project of the RES Act was presented at the end of 2011 while the current Act, accompanied by the latest amendment, has been in force since mid 2016. It is described here how the Polish energy legislation was shaped in the part relating to prosumer energy support. Moreover, an attempt is made to present whether and how the individual and proposed by the legislator solutions were influencing the Polish prosumer energy and its development.
Keywords: prosumer energy, Energy Law, Act on renewable sources of energy (RES Act), microinstallations