Janusz KOTOWICZ, Mateusz BRZĘCZEK, Marcin JOB
Development directions of modern combined cycle power plants with CO2 capture and compression installations
Described are development directions to achieve a net electricity efficiency equal 65% in combined cycle systems and up to 60% in power plants integrated with carbon capture and compression installation. Discussed is the development of gas turbine cooling techniques, cooling of a gas turbine cooling air, the use of steam as a gas turbine blades coolant, the use of sequential combustion, development of thermal barrier coatings (TBC) and the use of waste heat within the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) modules. The results are presented on the example of a modern combined cycle power plant with a triple-pressure heat recovery steam generator with steam reheating in a wide range of compression ratios in the gas turbine (β = 10-100).
Keywords: combined cycle systems, CO2 capture installation, CO2 compression installation, gas turbine cooling
Eugeniusz ORSZULIK
Improving the efficiency of hard coal combustion process in low-power boilers by applying innovative design changes to the retort burner
The paper presents the results of thermal and emission tests of innovative design solutions for water boiler with retort burner, which allow hard coal of pea size to meet the highest emissivity standards for gaseous and particulate substances during combustion and the combustion efficiency for acceptable emission standards.
Keywords: fuel, combustion, boiler, emission
Marcin RADECKI, Klementyna IDZIŃSKA
Practical problems with investment preparation, realization of works and complex power installation start-ups as well as with environmental protection
Global increase in environmental awareness, increasingly restrictive changes in legal regulations concerning aspects of environmental protection and also a high level of power installations wear out in Poland stimulate at present an intensification of investment processes. Optimization of investment costs is very important thus the pressure from investors on a rational budget management and reduction of such types of risk that can negatively influence the economic effect. Investment preparation, complex realization of works including installation start-ups and further the process of operation are the source of many realization difficulties.These are the problems connected with organization and management as well as the ones of design, technical and operational nature. Mentioned briefly are divided by types the main groups of practical problems arising during realization of investments and given are recommendations concerning their reduction with the aim to improve economic results and timely realize investment processes.
Keywords: investment preparation in power industry, power installations, complex installation start-ups, environmental protection
Kinga WESOŁOWSKA, Krzysztof BADYDA
Analysis of application of gas engine systems on the example of Elektrociepłownia Rzeszów
Power technologies dedicated for a microscale application are increasingly adapted for a macroscale usage ensuring quick and stable start-up of generating units and consequently power supply. As an example there may serve gas fuelled piston engine systems which as cogeneration units deliver both electric energy and heat. Moreover their modular construction enables proper adjustment of an installation capacity to meet the power demand. Presented is briefly the situation of gas-fired electricity generation in Poland, description of basic features of the technology under consideration and a concise analysis of the existing gas fuelled engine installation operation on the example of the plant equipped with installations making use of bigger number of technologies serving electricity and heat generation i.e. Elektrociepłownia Rzeszów belonging to PGE Górnictwo and Energetyka Konwencjonalna (PGEGiEK) company from Grupa Kapitałowa PGE.
Keywords: gas engine installation, Elektrociepłownia Rzeszów
Radosław WIŚNIEWSKI
Servicing and repair offer for last stages of LP part of a 200 MW type 13K215 TG unit
Presented is the EthosEnergy company offer for a complete range of services dedicated to the last stages of modernized LP parts of 200 MW type 13K215 turbines equipped with freestanding blades.
Keywords: LP parts of 200 MW type 13K215 turbines, freestanding blades, EthosEnergy servicing and repair offer
Bolesław AUGUSTYNIAK, Marek CHMIELEWSKI, Janusz DOBRZAŃSKI
Proof of eddy current technique efficiency for creep damage stage evaluation of 321H austenitic steel
The novel eddy current technique (EC) was applied for evaluation of change of physical properties of series of tube samples cut from austenitic steel secondary superheater tubes after long exploitation. Results of EC tests are confronted with the results of mechanical properties tests in order to achieve calibration like function for EC signal versus creep damage stage. Samples of 321H austenitic steel have been delivered by Electric Power Institute (EPRI) from Charlotte, USA. They were cut from tubes working at different places of the boiler exploited over 31 years (about 207,000 hours). Paper describes features of the as elaborated EC technique and shows results of EC and of mechanical properties measurements. There is presented also the quantitative analysis of correlation between the results of both tests. Our novel EC meter is sensitive to very small change of magnetic properties of external surface layer of the exploited sample and thus the output signal of this EC meter is assumed to be an effective estimator of creep damage stage. The mechanical static load test revealed monotonous decrease of mechanical resistance of exploited samples. The stress rupture tests allowed to establish qualitative estimator of creep damage – degree of depletion. The as revealed monotonous increase of EC meter signal versus degree of depletion of 321H steel proofs that the as proposed novel EC techniques can be used for nondestructive and quantitative evaluation of creep damage of austenitic materials exploited in power plants boilers.
Keywords: eddy current technique, 321H austenitic steel, damage stage evaluation of steel
Ryszard BARTNIK, Zbigniew BURYN, Anna HNYDIUK-STEFAN
The analysis of the market value of power plant
This paper presents the results of multi-variant calculations of assessing of the value of a power plant.
Keywords: power plant, multi-variant calculations of assessing of the value of a power plant
Grzegorz GOLAŃSKI, Cezary KOLAN, Adam ZIELIŃSKI, Paweł URBAŃCZYK
Degradation process of heat – resistant austenitic stainless steel
The paper presents and pre-characterises the main mechanisms of degradation of the microstructure of heat-resistant austenitic steels on the basis of the independent study and literature data. Special attention is given to the precipitation processes running during the service and their influence on the changes in the microstructure and functional properties.
Keywords: microstructure of heat-resistant austenitic steels, the mechanisms of degradation of the microstructure
Filip KLEPACKI, Jerzy OKRAJNI
The inflvence of an oval of pipe elbows on a safe operation of pipelines with the hot water
Consequences of the cracks formation caused with the fatigue and the corrosion of the feed water pipeline in the block 120MW, which was taken as an example, have been presented in the paper. The analysis the influence of an oval on values of stresses in elbows of the pipelines has been shown. Calculations were executed for data obtained from diagnostic research of two feed water pipelines of the block 120 MW. On the base of carried out considerations the reason of the damage has been assessed and methods of the prevention of similar damage in pipelines of the feed water have been proposed.
Keywords: pipelines with the hot water, the inflvence of an oval of pipe elbows on a safe operation of pipelines
Wojciech NAPADŁEK, Wojciech CHRZANOWSKI, Piotr GARYGA
Technological aspects of laser 3D padding of damaged edges turbine blades degree of LP used in power industry
The processes of consumption of turbine blades used in the LP zone (low pressure) were analyzed. Selected properties of usable surface layers of Stellit Co-6 type, prepared by the processes of the multilayer padding by plasma PTA, and incremental laser padding, including the LENS method on alloy steel X22CrMoV12-1, used in the production of these blades were evaluated. Observed topography of the worn blade area after operation using a modern fiber optical microscope. The quality of produced regenerative padding weld, both on the surface, as well as in cross section was evaluated. Particular attention was paid to the occurrence of welding defects in the prepared padding welds. The usefulness of laser technology used to produce high-quality multilayer padding welds was confirmed, as well as the methods used for their optical diagnostics of optical and magnetic methods.
Keywords: turbine blades, production of multilayer padding welds, laser technology
Dariusz POROŚ, Stanisław ZABORSKI, Tomasz STECHNIJ
Application of coated wire electrodes for WEDM of corrosion resistant titanium alloy Ti6Al4V to reduce the heat affected zone
Machining of titanium alloys by conventional methods is troublesome as technically as economically. These materials have good strength properties but are hard to machine materials. Conventional cutting of titanium alloys cause high tool wear. Machining, eg. Turning of titanium produce continous adverse chips and on the tip of the tool buildup appears. Although traditional machining of titanium alloys causes many problems, however, the use of titanium in engineering is still evolving. In recent years, titanium and its alloys have become some of the most frequently printed metals. For example: Ti6Al4V or so-called Cp (commercialy pure) titanium are commonly available in the form of powders with different grain size. The aim of this review is to present perspectives of applications WEDM for cutting titanium and titanium alloys elements and other various printed materials. There is space to explore how WEDM of titanium and its alloys affects the surface roughness, structure, the stress and the chemical composition of the formed surface layer. Based on previous studies and this experiment directions for further research are presented.
Keywords: coated wire electrodes, applications WEDM for cutting titanium, titanium alloy Ti6Al4V
Karol SŁOTA
Adapting existing steam drums to increased load variability with expanding drum internals
This paper deals with problem of drum’s damage due to increased load variability. Basic causes of shell ruptures and values of allowable start-up rate according to TRD 301 and EN 12952-3 codes was submit. The paper presents a problem of drum internals mounting parts cracking and offers expanding drum internals system as solution.
Keywords: steam drums, increased load variability, expanding drum internals
Stanislav VESELÝ
The analysis of the coming into being and the possibility of the reduction of the emission in combustion spaces of gas turbines
Modern gas turbines use as the fuel the hydrocarbonaceous mixture in the liquid state or gaseous. At the isobaric combustion we cannot avoid the coming into being NOx, CO, CxHy, and smoke, despite the application popular over the recent years the technology of the avoiding of the emission both in stationary uses and in the aviation. In the article the rule of the diffusive and kinetic combustion has been presented, and underlined advantages and defects of these technologies. Reasons of the emission NOx, CO, CxHy and possibility of its reductions were analyzed. The hybrid burner with super low emissions, which has been designed and made in the EKOL Company, was presented. This burner is assembled on gas turbines with the mark of the type GT 750-6 to the drive turbo-compressor.
Keywords: combustion spaces of gas turbines, the rules of the diffusive and kinetic combustion, the reasons of the emission NOx, CO, CxHy
Adam WOJACZEK
Trends of changes in reliability indices of national power system in the years 2000-2016
The reliability of the electrical power system depends mainly on the reliability of the system of power generation and transmission. Stem of the generation system is collection of the power units. The paper discusses the reliability indices of national power units, and the changes in them which took place in the period of time. Forecasts of changes in these indicators in subsequent years were also presented.
Keywords: national power system of power generation and transmission, reliability indicators of power units, the years 2000-2016
Dariusz WÓJCIK
The analysis of the work of welders as the element of the effective quality management of welding technology
The paper discusses the influence of welding technology discrepancies on the merit rating of welders and the evaluation of welding technology in the system approach in compliance with requirements PN-EN ISO 3834:2007 Requirements of the quality concerning weldings of metal alloys, PN-EN ISO 9001 Quality management systems – Requirements. Furthermore the paper presents the example of the conducting of welding technology processes in the power energy sector, where an essential step in the selection of conditions of the merit rating of welders was the introduction of the PN-EN ISO 3834 which contains overall requirements concerning preparations, executions and evaluations of the welded joints
Keywords: quality management of welding technology, merit rating of welders