Wojciech STANEK , Andrzej ZIĘBIK
Thermo-Ecological Cost (TEC) – measure of energy and ecological efficiency
The article presents problems related to limitations in the use of local energy efficiency and in particular for comparing different energy technologies. The system analysis tool is discussed – the thermo-ecological cost being a correct measure of energy and ecological efficiency. Problems related to the correct application of energy and environmental efficiency assessment are illustrated by examples of analyzes concerning a trigeneration system, a nuclear power plant and a blast furnace process.
Keywords: comparison of different energy technologies, system analysis tool – thermo-ecological cost, correct measure of energy and ecological efficiency
Andrzej MIKULSKI
Small modular reactors – BWRX-300 reactor
Presented are the most important features of the new BWRX-300 reactor made by General Electric Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas LLC and designed as a small, 300 MWe modular boiling water reactor (BWR type) equipped with a natural cooling system. It takes the advantage of the experience gained during operation of large boiling water reactors built mainly by General Electric, of which the first one, industrial Dresden-1, was put into operation in 1960. All the subsequent ones are part of two evolutionary design paths with forced or natural cooling. The latter solution seems to be safer and such is the BWRX-300 reactor, whose design capitalizes on the experience gained during operation of similar reactors for many years in the past at NPP Humboldt Bay (USA) and NPP Dodewaard (Holland). The article explains the principles of operation of natural cooling, and the design simplifications made in comparison with a similar, large ESBWR reactor with a construction license issued by NRC, when its electric power was reduced from 1520 to 300 MW. This reactor is not one of the first constructions of this type (FOAK) because it uses many elements of equipment proven in other reactors of this company. The chemical plant Synthos in Poland is interested to build this type of reactor in accordance with the preliminary agreement signed in October 2019. In addition, Estonia and the Czech Republic are now also considering the possibility of building it. According to informations provided by the company, it is possible to build the reactor in the US and Canada and commission it in 2028.
Keywords: SMR, GEH Nuclear, BWRX-300
Antonina KIELECZAWA, Michał BIAŁECKI, Radosław IZAKIEWICZ,
Piotr PIETRAS, Roman SKAKOWSKI, Wojciech SZUBERT
Stations, operation and engineering applications in the DCS MASTER system
Presented are selected problems concerning engineering stations and engineering operation of the DCS MASTER system. Considering the limited size of this article we are practically unable to quote and describe all possible engineering activities in the process of creation, configuration and operation of the DCS MASTER automation systems. By way of illustration described are engineering applications for designing and editing the software for automation systems of the MASTER processing stations as well as the application software for the MASTER-Proster operator stations in the range of synoptic diagrams and regulatory-control boards that distinctively impinge the working comfort during preparation of the system for object installations. Similarly presented are the advantages of selected possibilities of operator stations configuration during preparation for work as well as for the system object operation. But we must be also aware that the DCS MASTER system provides much wider range of its engineering operation than it is presented in this place.
Keywords: DCS systems, engineering stations, engineering applications, software edition of process stations, edition of the operator software, system configurators
Bartłomiej BORKOWSKI, Radosław IZAKIEWICZ, Mariusz LIPIŃSKI, Tadeusz MĄCZKA,
Wojciech SZUBERT
Cooperation of the DCS MASTER system with transporting installations on the example of a laboratory installation for determining optimum transport parameters of erosive multiphase media
Presented is here the "MASTER FLOW" system implemented on a laboratory test installation used for transporting multiphase erosive materials. The described system serving this purpose ensures to a great extent reflexing the working conditions of full-scale installations. Described is also the basic hardware and software structure of the "MASTER FLOW" system including its key functions. The elaborated system is primarily intended for controlling, recording, visualisation and storage of all parameters of a medium flow in transporting installations. In conclusion, the authors presented their further plans and proposals concerning development of the described system.
Keywords: DCS MASTER, MASTER FLOW, transport of erosive materials, multiphase flows
Grzegorz BONIKOWSKI
New concept of the rotating machines monitoring system
Discussed is – in a shortened form – the present condition of rotating machines monitoring technology. Shown are solutions applied in the Instytut Automatyki Systemów Energetycznych. Proved is the need of constant elaboration of new systems' solutions. Presented are assumptions for a new concept of the rotating machines monitoring system.
Keywords: monitoring of rotating machines, TG-set, diagnostic system, measurement of vibrations/absolute and relative elongations, axial movement, rotating machines monitoring system
Jerzy TRZESZCZYŃSKI
Diagnostics as a source of knowledge and operation strategy
Diagnostics is most often a source of information, sometimes it is a source of knowledge, and when it is of appropriate quality, it can be used to create a strategy for operation, technical maintenance and modernization. The quality of knowledge on the basis of diagnostics depends on the quality of tests, the interpretation of their results, the assessment and durability forecasts. Diagnostics in Pro Novum is treated as a system integrated with the operation of devices. It is an interdisciplinary field of knowledge that uses the results of non-destructive and destructive testing, strength analysis, and recently also advanced analytics and AI methods. Diagnostics should properly use existing experience, classic, proven research methods and the latest analytical and information technologies. The principles of this type of diagnostics have been developed and software implemented in the form of the LM System PRO+® IT Platform by Pro Novum.
Keywords: diagnostics, system integrated with operation of equipment, IT Platform LM System PRO+® Pro Novum
Stanisław NOWORYTA, Piotr JACHYMEK
Development of predictive methods in maintaining production assets
on the example of TAURON Wytwarzanie S.A.
The article describes a project implemented at TAURON Wytwarzanie S.A., the aim of which is to develop a system that uses innovative predictive /prescription algorithms, which are complex models of classical machine learning and advanced statistical algorithms. The conducted research will enable the improvement of the failure rate. A pilot diagnostic system monitors the technical condition of the installations and equipment of the unit at TAURON Wytwarzanie S.A. The system has a number of Predictive Maintenance class tools, which are designed to monitor the technical condition of machines and predict emergency situations in key installations, based on numerous process data, the source of which are the unit’s control systems. Currently, the predictive diagnostics system is based on process data from the Master Automation System. The analysis of a large amount of data and the construction of appropriate models allow both to signal technical problems of critical devices in advance and to improve production processes through the operation of a holistic optimizer. The systems of prediction and anomaly detection have great potential. In the future their operation should enable optimization of the productive assets management process.
Keywords: TAURON Wytwarzanie S.A., pilot diagnostic system, predictive methods, optimization of the production assets management process
Kamil STASZAŁEK, Krzysztof BRUNNÉ, Adrian SOBCZYSZYN
Damage to selected pressure elements working in creep conditions
The assessment of components working in creep conditions should use the results of defectoscopy, metallographic tests and deformation measurements in scope planned on the basis of retrospection and analysis of working conditions in the period from the last tests and assessment. The use of fracture mechanics and remote diagnostics methods allows to determine the possibility and working conditions of the damaged element as well as to monitor its safety and current technical condition in on-line mode. The article presents the current, 2019 and 2020, experience of Pro Novum in the field of identification of damage to thick-walled elements working in creep conditions, their diagnostics and the assessment of the possibility of further operation.
Keywords: boiler, thick-walled elements working in creep conditions, identification of damages and diagnostics
Wojciech SIKORSKI, Tomasz BIJAK
Requirements accompanying the diagnostics of steam turbines
Steam turbines are one of the most complex devices used in a power sector. Their working conditions are related both to the influence of high temperature and pressure of working medium as well as the inertia forces of rotating elements. On the basis of extensive previous knowledge and many years of experience, a number of guidelines for testing and assessment of steam turbines as well as overhaul recommendations for regeneration and revitalization of almost all elements of flow systems have been developed. The assessment and overhaul od turbine set should be preceded by an analysis of documentation, history of overhauls, possible modernization and the results of previously performed tests. All performed NDT are important for further assessment of individual elements and thus the entire turbine set. The last stage of diagnostics is assessment of the turbine set elements. It should be accompanied by the analysis of operation conditions both in terms of thermos-mechanical and chemical properties since the last overhaul. It is also of a great importance to control the dynamic state. As a diagnostic company Pro Novum recommends to use remote diagnostic for assessment and verification of the durability forecast in a real time.
Keywords: steam turbines, diagnostics, guidelines for testing and assessment of steam turbines, overhaul recommendations, remote diagnostics
Jerzy TRZESZCZYŃSKI, Wojciech MURZYNOWSKI, Radosław STANEK
Diagnostic supervision of thick-walled elements of boiler k-5 in Dolna Odra Power Plant during its conditional operation – the applied methodology and experience after two years of operation
The article presents an effective solution to the problem identified during the overhaul of the boiler in Dolna Odra Power Plant. Indications were detected on the internal surfaces of the thick-walled interfloor elements of the boiler OP-650. They turned out to be practically irreparable. The methodology of diagnostic supervision developed by Pro Novum and agreed with the Office of the Technical Inspection as well as correction works in the area of injection fittings and cyclic checking tests performed by CLDT commissioned by PGE GiEK enabled conditional safe operation of the cooler chambers and outlet chambers of the primary steam superheater of the boiler k-5 by almost 10 000 hours. During the two year operation of the elements with indications their full safety and availability have been ensured.
Keywords: Dolna Odra Power Plant, boiler k-5, diagnostic supervision of thick-walled elements, conditional operation, Pro Novum methodology of diagnostic supervision