Herbert Leopold GABRYŚ
Polish power industry in 2006 – an estimation to evaluate
The situation and condition of Polish power industry was in the last year determined by an advantageous situation of Polish national economy: the GNP growth exceeding 5% (in comparison to 2005), long and severe winter in the first months of 2006. All this resulted in bigger production of electric power and heat. Also an important factor was the creation of some new legal clauses, and first of all The Programme for Power Industry of 28th March, 2006 which is based on the Government's acceptation for the so-called vertical consolidation. Moreover, a new UE strategy for power industry has recently been introduced.
Jacek MALKO
From Portugal to Kamchatka. Prospects of a power system covering the area of 10 time zones
After some years a problem of cooperation between two power systems on two continents comes back again. We still remember the power bridge project which was to connect Russia and west European countries through the territory of Poland. The remote echo of those plans outlived the idea becoming the name of the world technology, politics and science annual conference in Warsaw – „Power Bridge". Poland – as it comes of its geographic position – can play an important part in building the transboundary power system according to the UE – TENs strategy, and we must not miss the chance.
POWER INDUSTRY AND PRODUCERS
Paweł BOBROWSKI, Adam KOPEĆ
Phased Array – a method to greatly fulfill the power industry diagnosis needs
The basic objective of the first article is to deliver nuts and bolts of the Phased Array technology. The principle of Phased Array is relatively simple. Instead of triggering one large crystal for vibration and generation of ultrasonic waves to the tested body, a set of small crystals (array of crystals) is triggered with a proper time phase. This kind of triggering – PHASE triggering, allows not only to generate but also to form ultrasonic beam in agreement with predefined direction and focal distance. Although this idea was patented in 1959 by Tom Brown, its real application was limited by lack of high speed digital electronic devices. Development of high speed digital electronic devices created an opportunity for implementation of PA devices that can be used for non destructive testing in industry. Second part of the article consists of set of examples of successful PA applications in power industry in Poland. The most spectacular of the examples was rotor discs blade root testing. In every case PA proved to be the real state-of-art testing technology due to reliability and precision of the results. These, presented examples were based only on the testing experiences of Westinghouse Modelpol Ltd.
Franciszek BUCHTA
Method of taking risk into account when planning transmission network development and modernization
The problem of taking a risk into account when making investment decisions is of a special meaning in market conditions. It becomes even more important if you consider tendency to increase the use of network transmission capacity and, observed recently, big system incidents. In the paper presented are risk measures referring to problems of taking decisions concerning transmission network development and modernization, shown are selected risk analysis results and formulated are general conclusions.
Krystian Leonard CHRZAN
Composite insulators without a petticoat shed
The strength of cylindrical porcelain insulators in horizontal position is bigger by 10–15% than their strength in vertical position. In case of rod-type silicone insulators the difference can be even higher and amount to 20–25%. In tests carried out in Ist pollution zone the withstand length of horizontal rod-type silicone insulators was estimated to be 80 centimeters while in case of vertical ones – 100 centimetres. The elementary withstand leakage path is equal to 0,75 cm/kV and 1 cm/kV of phase-to-phase voltage respectively. Considering the usually employed 30% insulation margin, 1 cm/kV for horizontal insulators and 1,3 cm/kV for the vertical ones are recommended. It means respectively 60 and 30% reduction in comparison with the paths recommended by IEC standard for porcelain insulators.
POWER INDUSTRY ACADEMY
Stanisław CADER, Bogumił DUDEK, Roman FOBER, Tadeusz GONTARZ, Witold WIŚNIEWSKI
Sesja 7 – Live line works on electric power units and installations – Fourteenth lecture – Live line works national standardization
National standardization is supervised by the Polish Standardizing Committee (PKN) which is a national budget enterprise. The Committee has exclusive rights to use the abbreviation „PKN" as well as its reserved graphic symbol. Given are the organization structure, range and methods of activity and PKN tasks. Mentioned are standardization system legal grounds in Poland. Presented is a list of standards concerning live line works.
BSPiR ENERGOPROJEKT-KATOWICE BULLETIN
Andrzej KOWALSKI
„ENERGOPROJEKT-KATOWICE" – more than 57 years of tradition
Described is the history of „ENERGOPROJEKT-KATOWICE" from the very moment of its establishing to the present times. Specified are significant events in its history in consecutive decades. Presented are designing-engineering laboratories and their scope of activities as well as the Company national and world references. Given are the most important accomplished projects. Mentioned are the Bureau's hitherto achievements as well as the tasks, strategies and perspectives of its development.
Andrzej KOWALSKI, Waldemar NIKODEM
A model supercritical parameters 460 MW block for national and foreign power industry
In 2006, after a few years of preparatory works, the construction of a new 460 MW block in CHP Łagisza began. It is already the third new geration – i.e. realized in supercritical parameter technology – unit in Polish power industry. The characteristic feature of the unit is that its technical conception occurred in some other circumstances than it usually is, which resulted in much wider meaning of this particular event as the capital construction. In the paper described is the genesis of the block as well as its planned function.
Aneta SZUBERT-MĄKA, Waldemar NIKODEM
The leader for the last 100 years – a „gem" among CHP stations in Poland
A remarkable place in the Polish power industry history takes Elektrownia (CHP) Chorzów built in the 1890s and systematically developed in the XXth century. It finished its being – after 100 years of existence – with the beginning of the XXIst century, for the benefit of a new CHP ELCHO. For all the time – from the very beginning to the end – only the most modern technical solutions were applied there, irrespective of the fact who the managers and owners were. From 1945 it is under a constant protection of „ENERGOPROJEKT KATOWICE" designing engineers.
POWER INDUSTRY AND ECOLOGY
Adam KUPCZYK
The present state and perspectives of using biofuels for transport purposes in Poland in comparison with the UE countries. Part II. Selected resource, technical and technological and ecological aspects
Poland is in the phase of growing usage of the first generation transport biofuels (bioethanol and biodiesel) and organizing research and development works of the second and third generation. Described bioethanol and biodiesel sectors show differentiated features which are the chances or threats for their development. A bigger investment interest – but also bigger limitations – occur in ester sector (now in a birth state in Poland). To fulfill the 2003/30/EC directive recommendations, ester production capacity in our country should be increased by 4–5 times. The fuel, that wakes up the biggest hopes, is hydrogen produced from minerals making use of pure technologies as well as the one produced from agricultural raw materials or municipal-industrial wastes (e.g. biohydrogen).