CELIŃSKI Z.
Nuclear Power in the World. Present State and Prospects. I Part.
Energetyka 2004, No. 2, p. 61, 2 tabs, 15 refs
Presented is condition of the nuclear power in the world. Number of reactors installed in nuclear power stations and their types are given. Development of the nuclear power in the countries neighbouring Poland are characterised, so in Germany, Sweden, Russia, Finland, Lithuania, Byelorussia, Slovakia and Czech Republic. There are also given programmes of nuclear power development in the countries of the Far East (China, Japan and South Korea) and in some developed countries (USA, France and UK).
ROZEWICZ Z.
Electric Energy for Customers or Customers for Generators and Distributors
Energetyka 2004, No. 2, p. 68, 2 tabs, 7 refs
The title of the paper - apparently rather perfidious one - arises not only from statements of Adam Smith, one of creators of the scientific system of the political economics and one of adherents of the economic liberalism, but also from some situations in the Polish electric energy market. In the paper there are considered among others limitations at the electric energy turn-over, the TPA principle and difficulties in its utilisation, as well as an influence of consolidation on creation of the competitive market in Poland.
DUDEK B.
Future of the Power Industry and Work Safety in the Power Industry in XXI Century
Energetyka 2004, No. 2, p. 73, 49 refs
Menaces and risk during operation of the power objects as well as a way of limiting them will be efficient, if there is a turn in identification of electric menaces and there are introduced mathematical measures of the risk and when a principle of competence is used for choice of workers for electric works. Stimulation of safe work should comprise of: shaping intolerant attitudes against the risk, transferring a knowledge about existing menaces and ways of reduction them, making easier the working out the tasks according to the security standards being in force and shaping the conviction that safe work is worth much more than risky work.
RYBAK W.
Incomplete Combustion Loss in Coal Fired Boilers
Energetyka 2004, No. 2, p. 81, 4 figs., 1 tab., 13 refs
Loss of incomplete combustion of the coal dust in connection with it excessive content of not burned particles in the slag and fly ash characterises essentially boiler equipment, decreases the boiler efficiency and process profitability, influences the operation conditions of de-dusting equipment and decides about possibilities of fly ash utilisation (fly ash sale by the power plant), e.g. in cement and building industry. In the paper there is included an analysis of methodology of determination the combustible particles content in the slag and fly ash and methodology of determination of losses due to incomplete combustion and the procedure of coal characterisation with regard to underburn and discussion of reasons of underburn loss in steam boilers.
STOBIECKI A.
Failures of 15/0.4 kV Transformers in the Power Grid
Energetyka 2004, No. 2, p. 89, 7 figs, 4 tabs, 10 refs
An analysis of distribution transformer unreliability made on the base of data from two domestic distribution companies is presented. From analysis of seasonal character of the MV transformer Failures arises conclusion that in summer periods there occurs greater intensity of transformer failures. It is connected at that time with external factors favourable to failures. There can be counted to them atmosphere discharges, summer storms and other factors causing insulation weakening, such as high temperatures and changes of air humidity.
SMOLIK A., BRYT-JAWOREK R.
Professional Advisory Service within Investment Process
Energetyka 2004, No. 2, p. 103 (ZPBE Energopomiar Bulletin p. 1), 2 refs
There is presented activity scope of an advisory company in the field of technical aid or duties of a contract engineer. It comprise of wide spectrum of works for the need as investors, as banks as well. These works assure professional supervision of proper run of whole investment process, expenditures within planned budget and meeting planned terms.
JENDROSZCZYK J., KURZYŃSKI A., RZECZKOWSKI E.
Ostrołęka CHP Station as a Source for Siekierki CHP Station in the Case of Blackout
Energetyka 2004, No. 2, p. 104 (ZPBE Energopomiar Bulletin p. 2), 6 figs, 3 refs
Discussed are following stages of the system tests made within an initiative undertaken by the PPGC (Polish Power Grid Company):creation of the start-up circuit for the Siekierki CHP Station, start-up of the BC-100 power unit in the Siekierki CHP Station and synchronisation of its turboset with the islanded local grid supplied by the Ostrołęka A CHP Station and next islanded operation of three turbosets ended by synchronisation with the NPG (National Power Grid). At the end of the paper there is given an analysis and assessment of the test results and as a conclusion there is stated that the Ostrołęka A CHP Station enables efficient restoration of supply for the Warsaw agglomeration.
CHOLEWA S.
Underfrequency Relay Protection for Generators and Power Units
Energetyka 2004, No. 2, p. 110 (ZPBE Energopomiar Bulletin p. 8), 3 figs, 8 refs
In the paper there are presented requirements concerning the operation of generating units in the NPG (so in the UCTE also) in connection with voltage and frequency deviations and requirements for Underfrequency relay protection installed in this country. They must be correlated with other elements of automatic control and relay protection in the power system.
KOZUPA M., SZYMONIK M.,
ŚCIGAŁA J., TWARDOWSKI S., MACIEJKO M.
Thermo-stabile Alkyloamines with Branched Structure as a Base of New Preparations for Correction of the Medium in Water - Steam and Heating Water Circuits
Energetyka 2004, No. 2, p. 114 (ZPBE Energopomiar Bulletin p. 12), 4 figs., 15 refs
There are presented results of investigation concerning the correction technology for the medium in the water-steam cycle and new correcting preparation with name Katamina Plus. Usefulness values of the preparation with regard to an influence on corrosion and heat exchange processes are presented. Effects of experimental use of the preparation in the real object are discussed. There is proved high efficiency of it action and purposefulness of use it in power stations and CHP stations are given.
FULCZYK T.
Investigations of Air Protection Effectiveness of Objects of Combustion for Power Purposes (Necessity-Advantages)
Energetyka 2004, No. 2, p. 119 (ZPBE Energopomiar Bulletin p. 17), 2 figs, 5 refs
Problem of commissioning and guaranty tests, as well as tests during the operation of the power boilers, especially flue gas desulphurisation plants in context of environment protection are signalised. Presented are requirements and conditions being elements of investigation procedure. Remarks and recommendations arising from the experience gained at measurements in various objects of domestic power industry are given.
CIUPRYK M., GAJ K.
Ecological Premises of Biogas Utilisation
Energetyka 2004, No. 2, p. 123, 1 fig., 2 tabs, 5 refs
Process of biogas formation and changeability of it composition at particular stages of municipal wastes decomposition are characterised and menaces for environment due to uncontrollable emission are presented. There are presented also possibilities of biogas utilisation and there are proved that biogas extraction and utilisation or making it not harmful is useful due to the ecological reasons.